Term
|
Definition
large heel for stability & shock absorption
arch for shock absorption & less fatigue
big toe to provide push forward, important for bipedality |
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|
Term
| early hominids: position of foramen magnum |
|
Definition
| angled underneath (anterior) the skull |
|
|
Term
| early hominids: the pelvis |
|
Definition
| almost identical to human, bowl shaped upper part, supports weight on 2 legs |
|
|
Term
| early hominid: angle of the femur |
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Definition
| angled more towards each other, more stability/comfort |
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Term
| A. afarensis as a transitional creature |
|
Definition
ape-like
brain size: smaller, chimplike
long arms, short legs
small body size, about 4ft.
human like
canine size & shape much smaller, less fanglike, diastema smaller
more developed glutes |
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Term
|
Definition
3.3-2 mya in S. Africa
3-4ft tall
bipedal
human-like canine
apelike body- longer arms
slightly larger brain size, 450-500cc |
|
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Term
|
Definition
"flat face human from Kenya"
3.5 mya
small molars, more human-like traits |
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Term
|
Definition
2.5 mya
means "surprised" in Ethiopian
longer legs
found w/ stone tools |
|
|
Term
| Robust australoputhecines |
|
Definition
Robustus->S. Africa
Bosei-> E. Africa
only distinguished by location they were found |
|
|
Term
| Robust australoputhecines |
|
Definition
broad, flat faces
sagittal crest
post orbital constriction
huge back teeth w/ smaller front teeth |
|
|
Term
| KNM-WT 17000 (The Black Skull) |
|
Definition
2.5 mya
small brain
large incisors & canines
sagittal crest
broad and dish shaped face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"The Handy Man"
first associated w. tools
no post orbital constriction
smaller teeth
increase in brain size, 650-750cc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
2.6 mya
Oldowai Gorge in Gona, Ethiopia
provides evidence of shift in technological capabilities |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| discovered by Eugene Dubois, 1892 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Dubois found a femur almost identical to modern human, suggested bipedality
"Apeman that walks upright" |
|
|
Term
| cranial buttressing system |
|
Definition
| series of tori around the skull to provide additional protection |
|
|
Term
| cranial buttressing examples |
|
Definition
supraorbital tori (brows)
nuchal tori or occipital tori (ridge on back of skull)
sagittal keel (mohawk) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| outter part of bone, protecting marrow ( ( as opposed to ((, due to more active lifestyle |
|
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Term
|
Definition
earliest representation of H. erectus
1.5 mya
80% complete
tennage male (9-14years old) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hunters chanse prey until prey becomes exhausted
decreases personal injury potential
raises success
drive animal into mud or bog, fossil record is preserved |
|
|
Term
| expensive tissue hypothesis |
|
Definition
brain is only 6-8% of body weight but consumes 25-30% of energy
2nd most expensive tissue is digestive system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.5 mya in SAfrica and parts of Asia
hand axe and/or object similar to cleaver
--> mental template: mental design template, idea of what something should look like |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
africa
provided: heat, light, protection, cooking (?)
kills bacteria/parasites
easier to digest/chew |
|
|
Term
| Archaic Homo Sapiens: chronospecis |
|
Definition
| specis partyly defined by time --> Neandertals |
|
|
Term
| Archaic Homo Sapiens: anagenesis |
|
Definition
| evolution of a speceis over time |
|
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Term
|
Definition
discovered by Marcellin Boule
Europe, Middle East, Asia
huge nose
mid-facial projection
large incisors w. heavy wear ("teeth as tools")
occipital bun (rear part of skull)
short distal limbs
barrel chested
cold adaptation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surface area (skin)/volume (size)
cold weather= rounder bodies (eskimos)
warm weather= long and lean (africans) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sophisticated way of making tools, levallois prepared core technique |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| preparation of rock to be made into tool, possibility of making it into 2, 3, or 4 tools |
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