Term
which phase is rapid repolarization
what happens during this-3 |
|
Definition
phase 1
Na channels close
K leaks
Ca starts to oepn |
|
|
Term
what phase is the plateua?
what causes this? |
|
Definition
phase 2
balance of Ca channels and K leakage |
|
|
Term
which phase is reploarization?
what happen here?-2 |
|
Definition
3
Ca close
K leaks through delayed rectifier |
|
|
Term
which phase is the resting phase?
what occurs here? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cells have a constant leakage of Na? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has a shorter refractory period- ventricles or atria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| beta blockers primarily act by doing what |
|
Definition
| decreasing slop of phase 4 |
|
|
Term
| Na and Ca channel blockers primarily act by doing what- |
|
Definition
| increasing threshold potential |
|
|
Term
| K channel blockers primarily act by doing what |
|
Definition
| prolonging action potential |
|
|
Term
| all antiarrythmic drugs work to reduce what? |
|
Definition
| number of action potentials |
|
|
Term
classes of antiarrhythmics-
1
2
3
4 |
|
Definition
Na blockers
B-blockers
K blockers
Ca blockers |
|
|
Term
| effects of Na blockers- 2 |
|
Definition
reduce slope of phase 0
increase threshold potential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks sympathetic activity which reduces slope of phase 4
reduces rate and conduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delays reploarization (phase 3) which increases action potential and ERP |
|
|
Term
effects of Ca channel blockers
what phase do they work on |
|
Definition
elevates threshold potential
decreases rate and conduction
-zero |
|
|
Term
| where do Ca blockers work best in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which antiarrythmic drug is used for torsades de pointes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which class is proarrythmic-
which of these causes torsades de pointes?
which does CAST? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug classes have - inotropic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug class has all of its drugs that can cause torsades de pointes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which classes cause braycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which classes cause heart block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which class depression left ventriclar function
why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which class is proarrythmic-
which of these causes torsades de pointes?
which does CAST? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug classes have - inotropic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug class has all of its drugs that can cause torsades de pointes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which classes cause braycardia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which classes cause heart block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which class depression left ventriclar function
why? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class 1 agents do not bind to what channels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which subtype of CLass I is the most potent, which is the least?
which has the fastest recovery, the slowest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Ib has minimal effect on what tissues?
so what are they used on? |
|
Definition
atrial
ventricular arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
| which subtype of I has most potency on Phase 0, which has weakest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which subtype of CLass I has additional effects that includes prolonging repolarizaiton (phase 3)?
which shortens it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which subtype of Class I has additional effects that includes increasing action potential (ERP)? which shortens it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which subtype of CLass I ahs no effect on replorization or ERP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the drug of class Ia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| procainamide is part of what drug class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| quinide is part of what drug class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the class Ib drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| besides Na channels, what other effects does fleicanide have-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which drug can really slow down conduction in the His-perkinjie?
how?
what else does this inhibit? |
|
Definition
flecianide
Na blockade
abnormal automaticity |
|
|
Term
flecainide delays action potentials more at what type of heart rates?
what tohers does it work on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can flecainide prolong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caution use of flecanide in what type of impairment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| felcainide is metabolized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heachade, blurred vision, worsen HF |
|
|
Term
| caution use of flecainide in-2 |
|
Definition
| HF, electrolyte imbalance |
|
|
Term
| flecainide is contraindicated in-3 |
|
Definition
2nd/3rd degree heart block
CAD
cardio shock |
|
|
Term
| what other effects does propafenone have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which class Ic drug is best at maintaining sinus rhythm (supraventiruclar arrhythmias)?
what does it have modest effiacy in? |
|
Definition
propafenone
ventricular arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| what does propafenone prolong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is propafenone metabolized by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caution use of propafenone in what impairment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caution use of propafenone in-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ADEs does propafenone have? -3 |
|
Definition
worsen HF
ventricle arrythmias
bronchospams |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for propafenone- 4 |
|
Definition
bradycardia
sevre hypotension
SA,AV, and ventricular disorders
-cardio shock |
|
|
Term
disopyramide blocks what channels besides Na?
what are the 3 effects of the drugs and what channel does it? |
|
Definition
Ca
K;
prolong action potential-k
increase threshold- Na
decreased automaticity- Na |
|
|
Term
| blocking of Na channel leads to what-2 |
|
Definition
increased threshold potential
decreased automaticity |
|
|
Term
what CLass 1 drug also has an anticholinergic effect?
what is it? |
|
Definition
dysopyriamide
vagal inihbition |
|
|
Term
| caution use of dysopyramide in what impairment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dispyramide is metabolized by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dry mouth
constipation
glaucoma
hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
| disopyramide is contraindicated in- |
|
Definition
heart block
congenital QT prolong |
|
|
Term
the Ib classes have more effects on what tissue? -2
why? |
|
Definition
ischemic/depolarized and fast
bc fast Na recovery |
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of Class Ib-2 |
|
Definition
increase threshold potential
reduce slope of pohase 4 |
|
|
Term
| which drug doesnt have effect on QRS or PR intervals and may actually shorten QT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is lidocaine metabolized by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug crosses the placenta and BBB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| caution use of lidocaine in what impairemnt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dysathria (speech disroder)
nystgimus
seizures |
|
|
Term
| what is an early sign of lidocaine toxciity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which class Ib drug is used for chronic therapy?
why? |
|
Definition
mexiletine
bc oral formulation |
|
|
Term
| why dont you ahve to watch for mexilitine as much in heaptic impairment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mexilitine is metabolized by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what drug should be taken with food to decrease ADEs?
what else cna it be taken with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contraindicaitons for mexiletine-2 |
|
Definition
2nd/3rd heart blocks
cardio shock |
|
|
