Term
| What are some common clinical findings of upper resp dz in rums? |
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Definition
-inc resp noise audible w/out stethoscope generally indicates URT dz
-loudest on inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| -loud wheezing sound caused by narrowing of airways resulting in turbulence |
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Term
|
Definition
| -snoring type sound caused by vibration of soft tissues |
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Term
| Which animals are most often affected by sinusitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common causes of sinusitis in rums? |
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Definition
-DEHORNING MOST COMMON
-infected teeth
-facial or horn fractures
-actinomycosis
-neoplasia
-resp viruses: MCF, IBR, PI3 |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs in rums w/ sinusitis? |
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Definition
-non-specific: anorexia, lethargy, fever
-dehorning site infection, purulent discharge
-nasal discharge: usually unilateral
-dec air flow
-stridor
-foul odor
-abnormal head posture +/- squinting
-changes in facial contour
-neuro signs |
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Term
| How can we maybe diagnose sinusitis in rums? |
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Definition
-CS
-percussion of sinuses
-variation in horn temp
-rads
-sinus centesis |
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Term
| HOw do we treat sinusitis? |
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Definition
-sinusotomy/trehpination: drain and flush sinus
-horn removal: bucking stock
-parenteral abx: long acting, lipid soluble
-analgesia: flunixin, meloxicam |
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Term
| In general, what location do we perform a sinusotomy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which animals are most commonly affected by Oestrus ovis infection? |
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Definition
-sheep >>> goats
-zoonotic |
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Term
| How do sheep get Oestrus ovis? |
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Definition
| -eggs laid near nostrils & larvae matura in sinuses |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of Oestrus ovis? |
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Definition
-nasal discharge
-sneezing
-nose rubbing
-stridor |
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Term
| How do we diangose Oestrus ovis? |
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Definition
-clinical signs
-rads
-endoscopy |
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Term
| How do we treat Oestrus ovis? |
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Definition
-Ivermectin
-Eprinomecrin & doramectin also effective |
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Term
| What are some less common differentials for Stridor/Stertor? |
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Definition
-nasal granulomas
-allergic rhinitis
-FB
-trauma/fracture
-trumors/polyps |
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Term
| What is choanal atresia? Who is affected? |
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Definition
-partial or complete lack of choanal
-crias |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of choanal atresia? |
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Definition
-open mouth breathing
-difficulty nursing
-dyspnea inc w/ exertion |
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Term
| How do we diagnose choanal atresia? Tx? |
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Definition
-Dx: assess airflow from nostrils
-Tx: if complete, euthanize |
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Term
| What most common causes pharyngeal trauma in rums? Result? |
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Definition
-balling gun, dose syringe, stomach tube, coarse feed material, fB
-hematoma, granuloma, cellulitis, abscess |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of pharyngeal trauma in rums? |
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Definition
-stertor/stridor
-anxiety
-neck extension
-ptyalism
-dysphagia
-nasal discharge
-foul odor
-visible swelling |
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Term
| How do we diagnose pharyngeal trauma? |
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Definition
-PE w/ deep intraoral exam
-U/S
-aspiration |
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Term
| How do we treat an abscess secondary to pharyngeal trauma? |
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Definition
| -drain abscesses: intraoral if possible |
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Term
| What is the etiology of necrotic laryngitis? Aka? |
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Definition
-Fusobacterium necrophroum
-aka Calf diphtheria |
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Term
| What leads to necrotic laryngitis? |
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Definition
-laryngitis due to infectious agent
-mucosal injury
-periphareyngeal vasculitis |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of necrotic laryngitis? |
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Definition
-dyspnea, stridor
-fever, anorexia, depression, scleral injection
-laryngeal swelling
-necrotic odor
-nasal discharge |
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Term
| How do we diagnose necrotic laryngitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we treat necrotic laryngitis? |
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Definition
-BS abx
-NSAID
-dex
-tracheostomy |
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Term
| What can result from chornic cases of necrotic laryngitis? |
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Definition
-chondritis
-deformation on laryngeal cartilage +/- granulation tissue
-inc risk of aspiration pneumonia
-dx by endoscopy
-tx: permanent tracheostomy, tracheoloaryngostomy |
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Term
| What is Tracheal Stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the acute form of tracheal edema syndrome? Who is most commonly affected? |
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Definition
-extensive hemorrhage and edema of the dorsal wall ofthe lower trachea
-feedlot cattle late in feeding period in warmer weather |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of acute tracheal edema syndrome? Dx? Tx? |
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Definition
-CS: coughing, dyspnea, stertor, death
-Dx: CS, isolation of stertor to lower trachea
-Tx: Dex +/- abx |
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Term
| Who is most commonly affected by the chronic form of tracheal edema syndrome? CS? Tx? |
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Definition
-younger cattle
-frequent, deep hacking cough
-no effective tx = cull |
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Term
| What are the indications for tracheostomy in rums? |
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Definition
-obstruction of airway proximal to trachea
-not effective for tracheal collapse, tracheal edema, or anaphylaxis |
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Term
| How do we manage rum tracheostomy? |
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Definition
-abx
-analgesia
-keep site clean
-feed hay on ground
-keep animal awa from ponds |
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