Term
| Main Components of ALL Cells |
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Definition
DNA (the cell's genetic information)
RNA (helps produce proteins)
Ribosomes (manufacture proteins) |
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Definition
| To efficiently absorb what the cell needs and dispose of waste. |
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Term
1st Domain of Life
Bacteria: |
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Definition
| Prokaryotic; contains cell wall and necleoid; lacks a nucleus. Cells often have flagella (tail) to help them swim in fluids. |
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Term
2nd Domain of Life:
Archaea |
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Definition
| Resemble bacterial cells: lack a nucleus and often have cell walls or flagella. Cells contain different biochemicals than bacteria. Ribosomes more similar to those in eukaryotes. |
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Term
3rd Domain of Life:
Eukarya |
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Definition
| Much larger than a prokaryotic cell; contains many organelles, including a nucleus. Plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall, animal cells do not. |
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Term
1st Kingdom of Eukaryotes:
Fungi |
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Definition
Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Can be sexual or asexual.
Consumes food by absorbtion. |
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Term
2nd Kingdom of Eukaryotes:
Protista |
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Definition
Can be unicellular or multicellular.
Can be sexual or asexual.
Get energy through photosynthesis.
Can have flagella. |
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Term
3rd Kingdom of Eukaryotes:
Plantae |
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Definition
Contain a cell wall and chlorplasts.
Converts sunlight into energy by photosynthesis.
Can be sexual or asexual. |
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Term
4th Kingdom of Eukaryotes:
Animalia |
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Definition
Multicellular; all animals.
Does not contain a cell wall or chloroplasts. |
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Term
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Definition
Full of lipids; surrounds the cell and acts as a boundary between it and its’ environment. |
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Term
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Definition
Outside the cell membrane; protects the cell and prevents it from bursting. |
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Definition
Organelle in a cell that contains DNA, the information for the function of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
Double membrane structure that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in the cell. |
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Definition
Holes in the nuclear envelope that allow messenger RNA to exit the nucleus. |
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Definition
A dense spot inside the nucleus that assembles the components of ribosomes. |
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Definition
Organelles that extract the needed energy from food through cellular respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
The organelle where photosynthesis takes place in eukaryotic cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Structures that make proteins. |
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Term
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
A network of sacs and tubules within the cytoplasm composed of membranes studded with ribosomes making proteins, giving it a rough appearance. |
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Term
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
The section of the endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
An organelle that processes proteins and completes their folding to make them become functional. |
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Term
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Definition
What lipids and proteins are transported out of organelles in. |
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Definition
Organelles that contain enzymes to break down food particles. |
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Definition
Organelles that contain enzymes to dispose of toxins. |
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Term
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Definition
| How the plasma membrane is described. Molecules are the pieces of the mosaic floating fluidly among the phospholipids. |
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Term
| Components of the Plasma Membrane |
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Definition
Phospholipid Bilayer.
Proteins and other molecules present in both plants and animals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A network of protein tracks and tubules in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used to transport materials and maintain the structure of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the cytoskeleton. Composed of the protein tubulin. Can work to pull chromosomes apart or as a track on which proteins and organelles can move throughout the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinnest part of the cytoskeleton, composed of the protein actin. Provide strength for cells to be able to handle stretching or compressoion, and they can also anchor cells together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Last component of the cytoskeleton; in between the size of the other two. Mostly maintains cell shape, also helps bind some cells together. |
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Term
| Cytoskeletal Motor Proteins |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Only present in animal cells. Contain various protein fibers and large, complex carbohydrate molecules. Proportions of cells and flexibility of the ECM is different in different types of cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbohydrate chains on the outside surace of the cell attach to proteins, giving the outside of animal cells a coating. Protects the cell, as well as helping in cell adhesion, reception of molecules, and cell recognition. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has a shape that only allows a specific molecule to bind to it. The binding causes the protein to change shape, bringing a cellular response. |
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Definition
| Carrys out metabolic reactions directly, causing the cell to perform chemical reactions it needs to maintain itself. |
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Definition
| Form a channel to allow molecules to pass through the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| Help molecules pass into the membrane by receiving a substance and changing their shape, allowing this substance to move across the membrane. |
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Term
| Cell Recognition Proteins |
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Definition
| Glycoproteins. Recognizes other cells. For example, recognizes when the body is being invaded by pathogens so the body can protect itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| How the cell membrane can be described because it only allows certain molecules to pass through. |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient until equillibrium is reached and the molecules are distributed evenly. Can be observed with any type of molecule from random molecular motion. |
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Definition
| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration. Osmotic pressure develops in the system during osmosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| How molecules such as glucose and amino acids enter the membrane. They use carrier proteins to help carry them through. |
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Term
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Definition
| The carrier protein that is responsible for transport of both sodium and potassium. |
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Definition
| Transporting a molecule against its' concentration gradient. |
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Definition
| Channel proteins that allow water to pass through a membrane more quickly than expected. |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution in which the solute concentration and the water concentration both inside and outside the cell are equal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution with a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of wster that causes cells to swell or even burst. |
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Term
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Definition
| Solution in which the concentration of the solvent is higher than the concentration of the water, causing the cell to shrink or shrivel with the loss of water. |
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Definition
| An intracellular vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as sectretion occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells take in substances by forming vesicles around the material. |
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Term
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Definition
| What it is called when the material taken in by endocytosis is large. |
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Term
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Definition
| When endocytosis is formed around something small. |
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