Term
_______ is critical for the production of T3 and T4 and essentially all _____ in the body passes through the thyroid.
-calcium
-iodine
-sodium
-potassium
-fluoride |
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Definition
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Term
Secondary hypothyroidism
-suggests a problem with the thyroid gland
-suggests a problem with the adenohypophysis
-may be diagnosed by the presence of a mass on the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| suggests a problem with the adenohypophysis |
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Term
The following symptoms would most likely be associated with which of the following disorders? Weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, restlessness, heat intolerance, increased sweating.
-hyperthyroidism
-hypothyroidism |
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Definition
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Term
Colloid
-is found inside parafollicular cells
-is found inside thyroid follicles
-is primarily made up of angiotensinogen
-is another name for thyroid stimulating hormone |
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Definition
| is found inside thyroid follicles |
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Term
Many of the effects of the thyroid hormones resemble the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Parathyroid hormone
-increases the number and activity of osteoblasts
-increases the number and activity of osteoclasts
-results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys
-increases the number and activity of osteoblasts AND results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys
-increases the number and activity of osteoclasts AND results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys |
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Definition
| increases the number and activity of osteoclasts AND results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys |
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Term
Which of the following hormones, along with PTH, closely regulates blood calcium levels?
-glucagon
-glucose
-calcium
-calcitonin
-angiotensin II |
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Definition
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Term
Melatonin
-affects sleep/wake cycle
-is produced in the hypothalmus
-great for keeping you awake and cencentrating. Good study aid.
-all of the above |
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Definition
| affects sleep/wake cycles |
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Term
Blood
-is a connective tissue
-has a higher mean temperature than your normal body temperature
-is slightly acidic
-is a connective tissue AND has a higher mean temperature than your normal body temperature
-all of the above |
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Definition
| is a connective tissue AND has a higher mean temperature than your normal body temperature |
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Term
Which is found in greater abundance in your body?
-interstitial fluid
-intracellular fluid
-plasma
-extracellular fluid
-tubular fluid (that fluid found in the renal tubules) |
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Definition
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Term
Cells of the body are serviced by one fluid compartment only-blood
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
When we talk about the "formed elements" of blood, we're talking about
-albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
-RBCs, WBCs, platelets
-regulatory proteins and organic nutrients
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
92% of the fluid in your body is found in your plasma
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
All major plasma proteins with the exception of some of the globulins come from the
-bone marrow
-liver
-spleen
-pancreas
-lymph nodes |
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Definition
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Term
The granular leukocytes include the neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
These white blood cells secrete histamine and heparin
-eosinophils
-monocytes
-basophils
-neutrophils
-lymphocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Your packed-cell volume is 70%
-you need a blood transfusion immediately
-you're most likely dehydrated
-your platelet count is too high
-your platelet count is too low
-you don't have enough hemoglobin |
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Definition
| you're most likely dehydrated |
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Term
Under normal circumstances, erythropoiesis occurs at about twice the rate of RBC destruction.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
Mature erythrocytes contain
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-mitochondira
-hemoglobin
-rough endoplasmic reticulum AND mitochondria
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
One molecule of hemoglobin can carry how many molecules of oxygen?
-2
-4
-8
-16
-32 |
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Definition
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Term
What stimulates the production of erythrocytes from the bone marrow?
-increased PCV
-hypoxia
-the liver
-decreased number of platelets
-the presence of reticulocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Erythropoiesis
-is stimulated by erythropoietin
-is stimulated by the thyroid hormones
-is stimulated by thrombopoietin
-in stimulated by erythropoietin AND is stimulated by the thyroid hormones
-all of the above |
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Definition
| in stimulated by erythropoietin AND is stimulated by the thyroid hormones |
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Term
Reticulocyts
-in the general circulation may signal a regenerative anemia
-contain some organelles
-mature to red blood cells 1-2 hours post-exiting from the bone marrow
-in the general circulation may signal a regenerative anemia AND contain some organelles
-all of the above |
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Definition
| in the general circulation may signal a regenerative anemia AND contain some organelles |
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Term
Red blood cells are removed from circulation
-about 210 days after they enter the circulation
-by the gall bladder
-when they lyse. This is how ~90% are removed and is the reason your urine is yellow
-by macrophages in the spleen
-by neutrophils in the spleen and liver |
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Definition
| by macrophages in the spleen |
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Term
It's a long time ago and I just got kicked above the eye by a horse. The next day I have two very attractive black eyes. What is causing that dark color?
-stercobilin
-urobilin
-bilirubin
-biliverdin
-heme |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following account for the brown color of fecal material?
-stercobilin
-urobilin
-bilirubin
-biliverdin
-heme |
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Definition
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Term
Thrombocytes are small biconcave discs that circulate for about 120 days, then are removed by leukocytes found in the liver and other organs.
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
An abnormally low platelet count
-could result in an increased tendency for blood to spontaneously clot
-is called thrombocytosis
-may result in petechiation (small hemorrhages) |
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Definition
| may result in petechiations (small hemorrhages) |
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Term
what is the first phase of hemostasis?
-death
-blood coagulation
-clot formation
-vascular spasm
-clot dissolution |
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Definition
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Term
What is the purpose of the clotting cascade?
-to activate platelets
-to activate thrombin
-to convert fibrin to fibrinogen |
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Definition
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Term
What are factors that do not excite platelets?
-thromboxane A
-ADP
exposed collagen fibers
-asprin
all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
How do anticoagulant rodenticides work?
-they inhibit the activation of platelets
-they inhibit some factor in the coagulatino cascade
-they prevent the activation of thrombin
-they inhibit some factor in the coagulation cascade AND they prevent the activation of thrombin
-all of the above |
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Definition
| they inhibit some factor in the coagulation cascade AND they prevent the activation of thrombin |
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Term
One of the dangers of the clotting cascade is that it could conceivably trigger the foramtion of a clot that would not stop forming/growing until all the blood in the body had clotted (or clots would move to areas of the body that would quickly cause the death of the organism). What prevents this?
-Asprin. It's critical that everyone take at least a low does of asprin at least once a year.
-fibrinogen
-fibrin
-plasmin
-platelet-derived growth factor |
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Definition
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Term
What stimulates fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells to multiply and repair a damaged blood vessel?
-a hormone released from platelets
-platelets derived growth factor
-Factor X
-all of the above |
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Definition
| platelet derived growth factor |
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Term
The pericardial cavity is within
-the thoracic cavity
-the ventral body cavity
-the dorsal body cavity
-the thoracic cavity AND the ventral body cavity
-the thoracic cavity AND the dorsal body cavity |
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Definition
| the thoracic cavity AND the ventral body cavity |
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Term
The fibrous pericardium fused to the
-parietal serous pericardium
-visceral serous pericardium
-myocardium
-endocardium
-epicardium |
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Definition
| parietal serous pericardium |
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Term
The endocardium
-produces serous fluid
-produces pericardial fluid
-is continuous with the endothelium of the great vessels
-all of the above |
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Definition
| is continuous with the endothelium of the great vessels |
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Term
What is found inside the pericardial space?
-serous fluid
-pleural fluid
-synovial fluid
-all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The serous membrane attached to the myocardium is the
-parietal pericardium
-visceral pericardium
-endocardium
-parietal pericardium AND endocardium
-visceral pericardium AND endocardium |
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Definition
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Term
The pericardial sac
-is made of dense regular connective tissue
-prevents rapid over distension of the heart
-is fused to the visceral pericardium
-all of the above |
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Definition
| prevents rapid over distention of the heart |
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Term
Pericardium = fibrous pericardium + serous pericardium
-true
-false |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the condition defined by the PCV being greater than 65%? (the opposite of anemia_ |
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Definition
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Term
| Platelets precursors are called (i'm looking for the specific name of a type of cell): |
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Definition
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Term
| If you take blood and remove the formed elements as well as the clotting factors/proteins, what do you have left? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the branch of science concerned with the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe an abnormally low platelet count? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one of the ligaments that connect the fibrous pericardium to the sternum. |
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Definition
| superior sterno-pericardial ligament |
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Term
| On the diagram below draw in the heart.... |
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Definition
| 2nd rib to 5th intercostal space |
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