Term
|
Definition
| clavicle takes on an __ shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2/3 of the clavicle bone consists of the __ part, which takes on a convex shape. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1/3 of the clavicle bone consists of the __ part, which takes on a concave shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the weak point of the clavicle is found in between the __ and __ portions of the bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the weak point of the clavicle is called the weak point because this is where __ usually take place |
|
|
Term
| intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
| bone is ossified in two ways. what are they |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ ossification is ossified without pre-existing cartilage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the clavicle is formed with __ ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the skull is formed with __ ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ occurs when there is a problem with the ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Humerus has a shaft and two ends, called __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ different fractures of the humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture to the surgical neck of the humerus leads to injury of the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture to the middle of the shaft leads to injury of the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture to the distal end of the humerus leads to injury of the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture to the medical epicondyle leads to the injury of the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are a total of __ carpal bones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are two rows of carpal bones that each contain __ bones |
|
|
Term
| proximal row and distal row |
|
Definition
| what are the two rows of the carpal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ row of the carpal bones contains: 1. scaphoid, 2. lunate, 3. triquetrum, 4. pisiform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ row of the carpal bones contains: 1. trapezium, 2. trapezoid, 3. capitate, 4. hamate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone is the largest in the proximal row of the carpal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone is the largest in the distal row of the carpal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone is the most frequent bone to fracture among the carpal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is the most dislocated carpal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ nerve is the nerve that passes on the back side of the arm and forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the radial nerve innervates all of those muscles found on the back side of the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the radial nerve is responsible for the extension of the __ and the extension of the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the radial nerve becomes injured, the __ will drop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the radial nerve will be injured when the middle shaft of the __ is fractured |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ nerve is responsible for flexion of the wrist and the flexion of the finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the median nerve is usually injured through fractures of the __ end of the Humerus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury to the median nerve will lead to a condition called __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ nerve is the nerve that you can touch behind the medial epicondyle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ulnar nerve is __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ulnar nerve is usually injured through fracture of the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the the ulnar nerve is damaged, the muscles won't work and it will lead to muscle __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ is where the two rows of the carpal bones produce the carpal groove |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in carpal tunnel, the carpal groove is __ anteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ is usually due to pregnancy, arthritis, hypothyroidism, and rheumatoid arthritis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that leads to the compression of the _ nerve and is very painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ muscles are the four muscles that connect to the shoulder joints. these protect the shoulder joint and help with stability |
|
|
Term
| 1. supraspinatus, 2. infraspinatus, 3. teres minor, 4. subscapularis |
|
Definition
| what are the four rotator cuff muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is an abductor of the arm and is innervated by the suprascapular nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is the lateral rotator of the arm and is innervated by the suprascapular nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is a lateral rotator of the arm and is innervated by the axillary nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is an adductor of the arm and medial rotator. it is innervated by the subscapular nerver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is found by the longissimus dorsi muscle. it is more anterior however, and it goes beneath the subscapularis muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevation of the arm = __ 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abduction of the arm = __ 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the scapula is prominent and coming out. the long thoracic nerve is damaged and the patient is unable to elevate his or her arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the patient can still elevate their arm and has a winged scapula, this means that the injury was to the __ muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of the breast, usually due to breast cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a radial masectomy, we can remove one breast, or both breasts, depending on how far the __ has spread |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a radial masectomy, we take all of the __ out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 75% of the lymphatics of the breast goes to the __ nerve. during a radial masectomy these must also be removed |
|
|
Term
pectoralis muscle
serratus anterior muscles |
|
Definition
| the breast is part of both the __ muscle and the __ muscles. therefore, during a radial masectomy, when on or both breasts are removed, we are disabled the functions of these muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dorsal side of the arm = __ nerve |
|
|
Term
| medial cutaneous antibrachial nerve |
|
Definition
| the medial side of the arm = __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a person has a stroke, the nerves are damaged. therefore when you tap on the upper biceps muscle, you are tapping on the tendons in this area and your muscles cause you to jerk. this is called an __ because your arm will jerk more than usual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| this occurs when there is no response to the tendons. your nerves are damaged, however when you tap on the muscle or tendons in that area, there will be no response and therefore no jerk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is located below the biceps brachia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the triceps mucles are broken up into __ groups |
|
|
Term
| 1. triceps long head, 2. triceps medial head, 3. triceps lateral head |
|
Definition
| what three groups are the triceps muscles broken up into? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ head is found on the lateral, or side of the body and is also found superior to the other muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ head is found on the medial side of the body and superior to the other muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ head is found on the medial side of the body and is inferior to the other muscles |
|
|
Term
| 1. flexor digitorum superficiallis, 2. flexor pollicis longus, 3. median nerve, 4. flexor capri radialis |
|
Definition
| what are the contents of carpal tunnel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the carpal tunnel is produced by the __ which is found over the carpal bones and is located anteriorly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with carpal tunnel, the median nerve is __ between the muscles |
|
|
Term
hand muscles
upper wrist muscles |
|
Definition
| with carpal tunnel, only the __ muscles, not the __ muscles, are affected at the wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is where the ulnar nerve passes through the flexor retinaculum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with damage to the radial nerve, extension of the elbow is __ and the __ drops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with damage to the radial nerve, if you are injured in the upper arm, extension of the __ is not possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with damage to the radial nerve, if you are injured in the lower arm, the wrist will drop, but you will still be able to extend your elbow because damage to the radial nerve is lower than the shaft of the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ring finger is innervated by __ different nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ finger is the most complex finger on your hand |
|
|
Term
| 1. median nerve, 2. superficial radial nerve, and 3. the ulnar nerve |
|
Definition
| the ring finger is innervated by the __ nerve, the __ nerve, and the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury of the ulnar nerve can result in __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in damage to the ulnar nerve that results in claw hand, there is hyperextension and flexion of the __ joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ape hand is also a result of injury to the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ape hand occurs when the tenor eminence is __ |
|
|
Term
| 1. brachioradialis, 2. extensor carpi radialis longus, 3. extensor carpi radialis brevis |
|
Definition
| what are the three main forearm muscles? |
|
|
Term
| brachioradialis; forearm muscle |
|
Definition
| __ is innervated by the radial nerve and functions in bringing the forearm into midposition between pronation and supination |
|
|
Term
| extansor carpi radialis longus; forearm muscle |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the radial nerve and functions in extensing and abducting the hand |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi radialis brevis; forearm muscle |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the radial nerve and functions in extensing and abducting the hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the forearm muscles are innervated by the __ nerve |
|
|
Term
longus
brevis
(forearm muscles) |
|
Definition
| the extensor carpi radialis __ and extensor capri radialis __ have the same function of the body |
|
|
Term
| dorsal forearm: superficial layer |
|
Definition
| the muscles in the __ group are innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and all of them function in extension of the fingers or hand |
|
|
Term
| 1. extensor digitorum, 2. extensor digiti minimi, 3. extensor carpi ulnaris |
|
Definition
| what are the three muscles that make up the dorsal forearm: superficial layer? |
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum; dorsal forearm: superficial layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and it functions in extension of four of the fingers |
|
|
Term
| extensor digiti minimi; dorsal forearm: superficial layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and it functions in extension of the fifth digit |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi ulnaris; dorsal forearm: superificial layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and it functions in extension and adduction of the hand |
|
|
Term
| dorsal forearm muscles: deep layer |
|
Definition
| all the muscles in the __ group, except the supinator, are innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the radial nerve. they all have differing functions |
|
|
Term
| 1. supinator, 2. abductor pollicis longus, 3. extensor pollicis brevis, 4. extensor indicis |
|
Definition
| what four muscles make up the dorsal forearm muscles: deep layer group? |
|
|
Term
| supinator; dorsal forearm muscles: deep layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve and it functions in supinating the forearm |
|
|
Term
| abductor pollicis longus; dorsal forearm muscles: deep layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and functions in abduction of the first thumb |
|
|
Term
| extensor pollicis brevis; dorsal forearm muscles: deep layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and it functions in extension of the thumb |
|
|
Term
| extensor indicis; dorsal forearm muscles: deep layer |
|
Definition
| this muscle is innervated by the posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve and it functions in extension of the index finger |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the dorsum of the hand contains what's called a __ |
|
|
Term
| 1. tendon of the extensor pollicis longus, 2. tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis, 3. tendon of the abductor pollicis longus |
|
Definition
| the dorsum of the hand contains a "snuffbox" and it borders what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendon of the __ is found superiorly, or above the snuffbox that the dorsum of the hand contains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendon of the __ is found within the snuffbox that the dorsum of the hand contains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendon of the __ is found below, or inferior to the snuffbox that the dorsum of the hand contains |
|
|
Term
| 1. radial artery, 2. superficial radial nerve |
|
Definition
| what are the contents of the snuffbox? |
|
|
Term
| 1. neurocranium, 2. facial skeleton |
|
Definition
| the skull contains what two parts? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the neurocranium contains __ bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the facial skeleton contains __ bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the temporal bone contains __ parts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone forms with the zygomatic part of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone is found in the middle of the nose. it has a horizontal and a longitudinal axis that divides it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the skull contains sutures on the top of the surface. the __ is the point in which the two sutures meet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone is found in the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone is the butterfly looking bone that has both a lesser and a greater wing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ of the temporal bone articulates with the mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ foramen transmits the Internal Carotid Artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is the major blood supply to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Jugular foramen transmits __ nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ foramen transmits the cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11 bring blood back form the brain into the __ |
|
|
Term
internal carotid artery
cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11 |
|
Definition
| the __ brings blood to the brain, and the __ brings blood from the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the internal carotid artery passes over what structure? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the foramen ovale transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| both the opthalmic artery and the optic nerve are related to the __ functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in bringing the blood supply to the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ brings sensory information to the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ bones total in the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ contains the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and the ethmoid bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ contains the maxilla, nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, mandible, and the vomer bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ are unossified membrane remnants in the skull. these are found in newborns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ major fontanels |
|
|
Term
| anterior, posterior, mastoid, and sphenoid |
|
Definition
| what are the four major fontanels? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the anterior fontanel is ossified within __ months while the posterior, mastoid, and sphenoid fontanels are ossified within __ months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ bone holds all of the cranial bones together |
|
|
Term
| keystone of the cranial floor |
|
Definition
| the sphenoid bone is like the glue of the skull and is therefore called the __ of the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the foramen rotundum transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the foramen ovale transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
| middle meningeal artery and vein |
|
Definition
| the foramen spinosum transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the foramen lacerum transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
| medulla and meninges vertebral arteries and CN XI |
|
Definition
| the foramen magnum transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the jugular foramen transmits the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hypoglossal canal transmits the ___ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the muscles of the head contain __ muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mimetic muscles of the head are facial expression muscles. they radiate into the skin of the face and head and when contracted, cause __ of the skin |
|
|
Term
| 1. Muscles of the scalp, 2. muscles of the eyelid, 3. muscles of the nasal region, 4. muscles of the mouth |
|
Definition
| what four groups are the muscles of the head broken up into? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all mimetic muscles of the head are innervated by __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ muscles of the scalp |
|
|
Term
| 1. epicranius muscle, 2. temporoparietalis muscle |
|
Definition
| what are the two muscles of the scalp? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the epicranius muscles has __ bellies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the epicranius consists of the __ and __ bellies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in between the frontal and occipital bellies lies the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the function of the Galae Aponeurotica is to produce __ in the forehead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the epicranius muscle and the temporoparietalis muscle are innervated by __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ muscles of the eyelid region |
|
|
Term
| 1. orbicularis oculi muscle, 2. corrugator supercilli |
|
Definition
| what are the two muscles of the eyelid region? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the orbicularis oculi contains __ parts |
|
|
Term
| 1. the orbital, 2. the palpebral, 3. the lacrimal |
|
Definition
| what three parts does the orbicularis oculi contain? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in producing the folds in the eyes. it is concerned with expressions of worry and concern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ pulls the eyebrow down. it contracts and protects the eye from the sun and light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the orbicularis oculi and the corrugator supercilli are innervated by __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ muscles of the mouth |
|
|
Term
| 1. orbicularis oris, 2. buccinator, 3. zygomaticus major, 4. zygomaticus minor, 5. risorius, 6. levator labii superioris, 7. lavator anguli oris, 8. depressor anguli oris, 9. depressor labii inferioris, 10. mentalis |
|
Definition
| what are the ten muscles of the mouth? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in contracting and closing the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in blowing air out of the mouth. contraction of this muscle gives the expression of satisfaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in lifting the corners of the mouth upward. this muscles gives the expression of laughter or pleasure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is also called the laughing muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions together with the zygomatic major to produce the nasolabial folds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in giving the expression of self confidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ functions in pulling the angle of the mouth downwards and producing the expression of sadness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ produces the chin-lip furrow and gives the expression of doubt and indecision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all ten muscles of the mouth are innervated by __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ parts of the infrahyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| 1. omohyoid, 2. sternohyoid, 3. sternothyroid, 4. thyrohyoid |
|
Definition
| what are the four parts of the infrahyoid muscles? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the same nerve. they are innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the omohyoid muscle is split up into __ bellies |
|
|
Term
| superior and the inferior |
|
Definition
| the omohyoid muscle contains the __ and the __ belly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for the fascia tensor, dilating the internal jugular vein to allow blood to flow back to the heart, opening the mouth, and lateral flexion of the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the omohyoid muscle is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all of the infrahyoid muscles work together to approximate the thyroid bone to the __ bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ muscles stabilize the laryngeal cartilages and the hyoid bone when the mouth is open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ parts of the suprahyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| 1. digastric, 2. stylohoid, 3. myelohyoid, 4. geniohyoid |
|
Definition
| what are the four parts of the suprahyoid muscles? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for raising the hyoid and stabilizing it in speaking and swallowing. it also depresses the mandible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the digastric muscle is innervated by __ nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the anterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the posterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for elevating and retracting the hyoid bone. it also elongates the floor of the mouth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the stylohyoid muscle is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for elevating the hyoid and floor of the mouth and tongue when swallowing and speaking |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the myelohoid muscle is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for pulling the hyoid anterosuperiorly. it also shortens the floor of the mouth and widens the pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the geniohyoid muscle is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ parts of the paravertebrals |
|
|
Term
| 1. rectus capitis, 2. longus capitis, 3. longus colli |
|
Definition
| what are the three parts of the paravertebrals? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for flexing the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rectus capitis is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for bending the head forwards and unilateral action which turns the head sideways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the longus capitis is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for unilateral contraction which bends and turns the cervical column to the side. it also bends the cervical spine forwards |
|
|
Term
| Brachial and the cervical plexus |
|
Definition
| the longus colli is innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there are __ parts of the scalene muscles |
|
|
Term
| 1. scalene anterior, 2. scalene posterior, 3. scalene medius |
|
Definition
| what are the three parts of scalene muscles? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| __ muscles are important for quiet inspiration. they lift the superior part of the thorax. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the scalene muscles are innervated by the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the scalene minimus is disregarded because it is only present in __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the triangles of the neck are broken up into __ and __ parts |
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Term
| 1. submandibular triangle, 2. carotid triangle, 3. muscular triangle, 4. submental triangle |
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Definition
| the anterior region of the triangles of the neck contains what? |
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Term
| 1. occipital triangle, 2. omoclavicular triangle |
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Definition
| the posterior region of the triangles of the neck contains what? |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ gland is the largest of the endocrine glands |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ is responsible for calcium formation |
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Term
sternothyoid
sternohyiod muscles |
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Definition
| the thyroid gland is found deep to the __ and the __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the thyroid gland is found between the __ level |
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Term
| sheath, an isthumus, and right and left lobes |
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Definition
| the thyroid gland contains a capsule covered by a __, an __, and __. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the thyroid gland produces both __ and __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ controls the metabolism which __ controls the calcium production and metabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
| a __ is due to the enlargement of the thyroid gland. it usually consists of swelling of the neck area due to a deficiency of Iodine in food |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ is the removal of the thyroid gland due to cancer |
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Term
|
Definition
| there are usually __ total parathyroid glands |
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Term
|
Definition
| both thyroid lobes contain __ upper and __ lower parathyroid glands |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ are found internal to the connective tissue sheath and external to the thyroid capsule |
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Term
|
Definition
| the function of the parathyroid glands is a bit similar to that of the __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the parathyroid glands and the thyroid gland both control the production of __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the parathyroid glands also produce __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the parahormon that the parathyroid glands produce control both __ and __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ in the human is able to perform highly coordinated and skilled movement due to being exempted from locomotion function |
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Term
|
Definition
| the hand, and especially the thumb occupy almost the largest area of the __ compared to the trunk or other areas |
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Term
|
Definition
| upper limb is connected by the shoulder (pectoral) girdle consisting of the __ and the __ that articulates with the axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular joint |
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Term
| shoulder girdle, upper arm (brachial), the elbow (cubital), forearm (antecrachial), wrist (carpal) region and the hand |
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Definition
| the upper limb includes what regions? |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, the carpal bones, five metacarpal bones, five proximal phalanges, five distal phalanges, and four intermediate phalanges |
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Definition
| what bones are included in the upper limb? |
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Term
|
Definition
| the thumb has __ phalangeal bones, while the other fingers have __ phalanges |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ is located on the back of the shoulder in humans and has two surfaces |
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Term
| anterior (subscapular fossa) surface, and the posterior surface |
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Definition
| what are the two surfaces of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| supraspinous and infraspinous fossae |
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Definition
| the spine of the scapula divides the posterior surface into two parts: the __ and __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the spine of the scapula bears an expansion laterally called the __, which articulates with the clavicle |
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|
Term
| the medial, lateral, and superior boarders |
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Definition
| what are the three boarders of the scapula |
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|
Term
| the superior, inferior, and lateral angles |
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Definition
| what are the three angles of the scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| __ is the site of articulation with the head of the humerus, and is located at the lateral angle of the scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ is above the glenoid cavity and extends anterolaterally |
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Term
| 1. the short head of the biceps brachii (origin), 2. the coracobrachialis muscle (origin), 3. the pectoralis minor (insertion) |
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Definition
| the coracoid process gives origin to or is an insertion site for what three muscles |
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Term
|
Definition
| beside the base of the coracoid process on the superior border of the scapula, is the __ |
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|
Term
| superior transverse scapular ligament |
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Definition
| the suprascapular notch is bridged at its top by the __ |
|
|
Term
| suprascapular nerve and vessels |
|
Definition
| the __ and __ run through the suprascapular notch |
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Term
|
Definition
| site of origin of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| site of origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the clavicle has two ends, the __ end and the __ end |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two ends on the clavicle are covered by cartilage and form articular facets to articulate with the __ at the sternal end and with the __ at the acromial end |
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Term
|
Definition
| the acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the __ of the scapula |
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Term
|
Definition
| the sternoclavicular joint is a __ type synovial joint that is supported by several surrounding ligaments |
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|
Term
plane-type
sliding/gliding |
|
Definition
| the acromioclavicular join is a __-type joint that permits __ movements |
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Term
|
Definition
| the clavicle has two surfaces, __ and __, that are the sites of attachment of the muscles and ligaments |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ ligament can be seen between the clavicle and the first rib |
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Term
|
Definition
| the two ends of the clavicle have __ ossification, which appears in the second decade of life, and the ossified centers fuse to each other after that |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ end of the humerus, bears the head of the humerus, which articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula in the shoulder joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ end of the humerus articulates with the radius and ulna is the elbow joint |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the shaft of the humerus is __ in the upper section and __ in the lower section |
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Term
|
Definition
| on the proximal end of the humerus is the __ of the humerus. it is a semi-ball-like structure with a smooth, articular surface covered by hyaline cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| the head of the humerus on the proximal end, fits into the __ of the scapula and forms the shoulder joint |
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Term
|
Definition
| inferior to the head of the humerus on the proximal end, is where the articular surface ends and joins the shaft. this is known as the __ of the humerus |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ is the laterally located tubercle on the humerus and the __ is the medially located tubercle on the proximal end of the humerus |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ of the proximal end of the humerus is found just inferior to the tubercles |
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|
Term
| intertubercular (bicipital) groove |
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Definition
| the __ groove of the proximal end of the humerus lies between the greater and lesser tubercles |
|
|
Term
| intertubercular (bicipital) groove of the proximal end of the humerus |
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Definition
| the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle passes through the __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ can be seen on the lateral aspect of the middle of the shaft of the proximal end of the humerus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ lies on the posterior surface in the middle of the shaft of the proximal end of the humerus |
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|
Term
| radial nerve and deep brachial vessels |
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Definition
| the __ and __ pass through the spiral groove of the proximal end of the humerus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| there are two sharp edges (ridge), the medial and lateral __ edges, which continue distally to the medial and lateral nonarticular epicondyles of the distal end of the humerus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the medial epicondyle is larger and bears the ulnar groove posteriorly, through which the __ passes beneath the skin on the distal end of the humerus |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the condyles of the distal end of the humerus are __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| on the distal end of the humerus, the capitulum articulates with the head of the __ and the trochlea articulates with the __ at the trochlear notch |
|
|
Term
radial fossa
coronoid fossa |
|
Definition
| on the distal end of the humerus, anteriorly, the __ is found above the capitulum and the __ above the trochlea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the radial fossa and coronoid fossa of at the distal end of the humerus accommodate space of the edge of the circumference of the head of the radius and the coronoid process of the ulna, respecitively, when the elbow is __ |
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Term
|
Definition
| on the posterior aspect of the distal humerus, the bigger size __ can be seen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the olecranon process of the ulna fits in the olecranon fossa when the elbow is __ |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket type synovial joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity, which is expanded by an __ at its border |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the long head of the biceps brahii muscle originates from the __ tubercle, passing through the joint into the bicipital groove |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the rotator cuff muscles help strengthen the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is a long bone that is found laterally in the forearm, and consists of a body and two ends |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ end of the radius consists of the head and the neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body of the radius is __ and has three surfaces (anterior, lateral, and posterior) and three boarders (anterior, posterior, and medial) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distal end of the radius is expanded and has a sharp tip inferiorly called the __ located laterally |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| on the distal end of the radius, the __ is located medially for articulation with the head of the ulna |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is a forearm bone that is located medially in the anatomical position. it consists of a body and two ends |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the proximal end of the ulna consists of the __ which articulates with the trochlea of the distal humerus |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the __ if found anteriorly, on the lower edge of the trochlear notch on the proximal end of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is a lateral expansion of the articular surface close to the trochlear notch, for articulation with the head of the radius on the proximal end of the ulna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the rough part of the proximal end of the ulna posteriorly is called the __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the site of attachment of the brachialis muscle is the __ on the proximal end of the ulna |
|
|
Term
| three surfaces (anterior, medial, and posterior) three borders (anterior, posterior, and medial) |
|
Definition
| the triangularlike body of the ulna has __ surfaces and __ borders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the upper part of the body of the ulna the __ is seen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the distal end of the ulna bears the head for articulation with the ulnar notch of the distal __ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ulna is not in direction contact to the __; rather, the radius has such connections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the elbow joint is a __ joint |
|
|
Term
| the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints |
|
Definition
| the capsule of the elbow joint comprises what three joints |
|
|
Term
| medial/ulnar and lateral/radial |
|
Definition
| the __ and __ ligaments restrict the movement of the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ulnar collateral ligament injury in a sprain may lead to abnormal __ of the forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a radial (lateral) collateral ligament injury in a sprain may lead to abnormal __ of the forearm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| falling on the hand with the arm extended. the radius is fractured, giving a dinner fork shape to the forearm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ are located near the wrist joint and are arranged in two rows, each row with four bones |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the carpal bones are firmly articulated together to form a unit called the __. it is covered by the flexor retinaculum, forming the carpal tunnel, through which several muscles and the median nerve pass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ consists of two different fibrous structures with different histological characteristics, which are present in the volar (anterior) aspect of the wrist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the flexor retinaculum that covers the carpal groove forms the __, through which the tendons of some flexor muscles of the wrist and hand pass, along with the median nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the wrist is an ellipsoid-type synovial joint whose joint surfaces are created proximally by the __ and __, and distally by the proximal row of carpal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the joints between the carpal bones is __ shaped. there is little movement between the bones of the first row, but almost no movement between the second row, and between these joints and the metacarpal bones, except for the thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pyramid-shaped space in the axillary region is known as the __, which houses the neurovasculature of the upper limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the brachial plexus originates from the __ roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the __ is found in the posterior triangle of the neck, between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the scalene triangle; it then runs behind the clavicle at the root of the neck. passing into the axillary region, it then branches out into its terminal nerves, including major nerves such as the median, radial, ulnar, axillary and musculocutaneous nerves |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| triangular-shaped muscle in a superficial layer lateral to the trapezius muscle, whose base lies superior and whose apex is pointed inferiorly. it is located on the posterior, lateral, and anterior aspects of the shoulder, and makes up the bulk of the muscle around the shoulder joint |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: the lateral one third of the clavicle, the acromion process, and the lower border of the spine of the scapula.
Insertion: the deltoid tuberosity on the lateral aspect of the humerus
Function: abduction of the arm, up to 90 degrees
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5-C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lies on the dorsal aspect of the scapula above the spine of the scapula, deeper to the trapezius and deltoid muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: the supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: the upper facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Function: acts as an abductor of the arm, and belongs to the rotator cuff muscle group
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4-C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lies inferior to the spine of the scapula, and deeper to the spinal fibers of the deltoid muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: the infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: the middle part of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Function: acts as a lateral rotator of the arm, and belongs to the rotator cuff muscle group
Innervation: the suprascapular nerve (C4-C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: the lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: the lower facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Function: acts as a lateral rotator of the arm, and belongs to the rotator cuff muscle group
Innervation: the axillary nerve (C5-C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: the lateral border of the scapula, near the inferior angle
Insertion: just inferior to the lesser tubercle of the humreus
function: adduction and medial rotations of the arm
innervation: the lower subscapular nerve (C6-C7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vast muscle found in the superficial layers of the back
Origin: the spinous process of T7-T12, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest, the lower ribs (10-12), and the inferior angle of the scapula
Insertion: beneath the crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
functions: involved in medial rotation, extension and adduction of the arm by acting on the humerus. also involved in coughing and forces expiration
Innervation: the thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8), a branch of the posterior cord coming from the brachial plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located anteriorly on the scapula, along with the ribs and intercostal muscles, is covered by the serratus anterior
Origin: the anterior surface of the scapula
Insertion: the lesser tubercle of the humerus
function: aids in arm adduction and medial rotation
innervation: the subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most superficial muscle found on the upper part of the thoracic wall anteriorly
Origin: originates from 3 sites, the clavicle (medially), the sternum and upper costal cartilages, and the abdominal portion originates from the rectus sheath.
Insertion: the muscle fibers merge laterally and insert onto the crest of the greater tubercle
Function: adduction and medial rotation of the arm, and also lowers the arm when it is raised. assists respiration by expanding the thoracic cage during forced respiration
Innervation: the lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5-T1), originating from the lateral and medial cord of the brachial plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
deep to the pectoralis major in the anterolateral aspect of the thoracic wall
Origin: the anterior surface of the upper (3-5) ribs.
Insertion: the coracoid process of the scapula
Function: pulls the scapula forward and downward, also invovled in rotation of the scapula so that the glenoid cavity faces downward
Innervation: the medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
belongs to the trunk muscles that insert onto the bones of the shoulder girdle
Origin: from the lateral aspect of the first 8-9 ribs, the muscle takes a backward course around the chest toward the scapula
Insertion: the medial border of the scapula from the superior to the inferior angle
function: elevation of the arm over 90 degrees. also acts as an accessory muscle during respiration by lifting the ribs.
Innervation: the long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7), extending down from the proximal parts of the brachial plexus, and lying on the medial wall of the axillary region between the lymph node. may be injured during surgical removal of the lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
located in the anterior aspect of the upper arm. it connects with the shoulder, it is an upper limb muscle that originates via its short and long heads from the scapula
Origin: short head of the biceps brachii muscle arises from the coracoid process of the scapula, and the long head arises from the supraglenoid tubercle. the tendon of the long head passes through the shoulder joint and the intertubercular (bicipital) groove above the belly of the muscle
Insertion: long head inserts to the radial tuberosity of the radius, and the short head tendon flattens and forms the bicipital aponeurosis, and merges into the forearm fascia
Function: acts on two joints. both heads aid in flexion of the shoulder joint; on the elbow joint, they are the flexor and strong supinator of the forearm. long head acts an an abductor and medial rotator of the arm, while the short head is an adductor of the arm
Innervation: by the musculocutaneous (C5-C6) nerve, branching from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lies inferior to the biceps brachii muscle in the anterior aspect of the arm
Origin: originates from the lower half of the humerus anteriorly and extends laterally, where it embraces the insertion point of the deltoid
Insertion: the ulnar tuberosity and, in part, the coronoid process of the ulna
function: powerful flexor of the elbow joint
innervation: by the musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6) and, to some of its lateral parts, by the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located medial to the biceps brachii. innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and is an antervertor of the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
made up of heads: the long, lateral, and medial heads
Origin: long head originates from the infraglenoid tubercle, lateral and medial heads originate from the body of the humerus, above and below the radial groove
Insertion: three heads fuse together and form one tendon, which inserts onto the posterior part of the upper surface of the olecranon process
function: strong extensor of the forearm at the elbow joint. long head acts on two joints: shoulder joint, it aids retroversion and adduction of the arm
innervation: radial nerve (C6, C7, C8) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small triangular muscle in the posterior aspect of the elbow region, between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the upper ulna. assists the triceps brachii muscle in the extension of the elbow. is innervated by the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
seen superficially on the flexors of the forearm, and has a long tendon running toward the center of the palm of the hand.
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: the palmar aponeurosis
Function: flexes the hand and tenses the palmar aponeurosis
innervation: median nerve (C7-C8) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extends from the medial (ulnar) side of the elbow to midway of the lateral (radial) side of the forearm
Origin: arises by two heads from the anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle and from the coronoid process of the ulna
Function: pronation of forearm and flexion of the elbow
innervation: median nerve (C6-C7), which passes between the two heads of the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extends from the medial (ulnar)side of the elbow to the lateral (radial) side of the forearm, near the thumb
Origin: anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle
Insertion: base of the second metacarpal bone. runs in the carpal tunnel in a groove on the trapezium
Function: palmar flexion and radial abduction of the hand. also flexes and in involved in pronation of the elbow
Innervation: median nerve (C6-C7) |
|
|
Term
| flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
Definition
extends fro the medial (ulnar) side of the elbow to the middle of the palm, just inferior to the palmaris longus, but still lies within the superficial layer. muscle has 3-4 bellies connected to each other, which end in four tendons that run within the carpal tunnel and insert onto the middle phalangeal bones. the median nerve is found beneath this muscle in the forearm
Origin: anterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna, and a small part of the radius
Insertion: tendons insert onto the middle of the lateral aspects of the intermediate phalangeal bones of the second to fifth digits. before insertion, the tendons have a dichotomy (split) and insert by two ends on the sides of the phalanx.
Function: flexion of the elbow, wrist, and the fingers
Innervation: median nerve (C7, C8, T1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in the ulnar side of the forearm. its tendon doesn't run inside the carpal tunnel
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna
Insertion: the pisiform bone and indirectly to the hammate and fifth metacarpal bone
Function: flexor and adductor of the hand
Innervation: ulnar nerve (C7-C8) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found in the radial side of the forearm and runs through the carpal tunnel.
Origin: radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Function: flexor of the terminal phalanx (thumb)
Innervation: median nerve (anterior interosseous branch) C8-T1 |
|
|
Term
| flexor digitorum profundus |
|
Definition
extends from the medial (ulnar) side of the elbow to the middle of the palm, just inferior to the flexor digitorum superficialis. muscle has a few bellies connected to each other that end in four tendons, which run within the carpal tunnel and insert into the distal phalangeal bones. median nerve is found above this muscle in the forearm
Origin: anterior aspect of the ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: tendons insert onto the base of the phalangeal bones of the second to fifth digits by passing between two heads of the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis
Function: flexes the wrist
Innervation: median nerve laterally (C8 and T1) and the ulnar nerve medially (C8-T1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
found on the anterior aspect of the forearm, near the hand
Origin: distal part of the ulna
Insertion: distal part of the radius
Function: pronates the forearm
Innervation: median nerve (C8-T1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most superficial in the radial group muscles of the forearm. superficial branch of the radial nerve is found beneath this muscle.
Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge (crest) of the humerus
Insertion: lateral aspect of the styloid process of the radius
Function: pronate or supinate the forearm and bring the forearm into a mid-position between pronation and supination; acts as a flexor at the elbow joint
Innervation: radial nerve (C5, C6, C7) |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi radialis longus |
|
Definition
origin: lateral supracondylar ridge (crest) of the humerus, inferior to the origin of the brachioradialis muscle.
Insertion: base of the second metacarpal bone
Function: extension and radial abduction of the hand at the wrist joint. weak flexor of the elbow, aids in pronation and supination of the forearm
Innervation: the radial nerve (C6-C7) |
|
|
Term
| extensor carpi radialis brevis |
|
Definition
lies beneath the extensor carpi radialis longus
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring ligaments
Insertion: base of the third metacarpal bone
Function: extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint and a weak flexor of the elbow
Innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve (C7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Origin: originates from the common head for extensors; the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring ligaments, and the fascia of the forearm
Insertion: base of the distal phalangeal bones of the medial four digits (not the thumb)
Function: extends the four medial fingers (not the thumb) responsible for dorsiflexion of the hand at the wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve (C7-C8) |
|
|
Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and neighboring ligaments
Insertion: posterior aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the fifth digit
Function: extension of the fifth digit and dorsiflexion of the hand
Innervation: posterior interosseous branch of deep radial nerve (C7-C8) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: common head for extensors and the ulna
Insertion: base of the fifth metacarpal bone
Function: extends and adducts the hand at the wrist
Innervation: posterior interosseous branch of the deep radial nerve (C7-C8) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the supinator crest of the ulna
Insertion: encircles and inserts on the upper part of the radius.
Function: supinates the forearm
Innervation: deep branch of the radial nerve (C5-C6) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: dorsal surface of the ulna and radius, as well as the interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the first metacarpal bone
Function: abduction of the thumb and its extension at the carpometacarpal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: dorsal surface of the ulna and radius, as well as the interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Function: extension of the proximal phalanx at the metacarpophalangeal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: dorsal surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Function: extends the thumb using the crest on the radius as a fulcrum |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: dorsal surface of the ulna and the interosseous membrane
Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the index finger
Function: index extension and hand dorsiflexion |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: tubercle of the scaphoid and the flexor retinaculum
Insertion: radial sesamoid bone beneath the head of the first metacarpal bone and the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Function: abduction of the thumb
Innervatoin: median nerve (C8-T1) |
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Term
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Definition
muscle has two heads
Origin: superificial head arises from the flexor retinaculum, deep head from the trapezium, trapezoid, and the capitate
Insertion: radial sesamoid bone
Function: flexion of the thumb
Innervation: superficial head is innervated by the median nerve (C8-T1), and the deep head by the ulnar nerve (C8-T1) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: flexor retinaculum and the tubercle of the trapezium
Insertion: lateral aspect of the first metacarpal bone
Function: thumb opposition
Innervation: median nerve (C8-T1) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: transverse head originates from the third metacarpal bone, while the oblique head originates from the capitate and neighboring carpal bones
Insertion: into the ulnar sesamoid bone, beneath the head of the first metacarpal bone
Function: thumb adduction
Innervation: deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: pisiform bone and the flexor retinaculum
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit
Function: abducts the fifth digit |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: flexor retinaculum and the hamulus of the hamate
Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit
Function: flexes the fifth digit |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: the flexor retinaculum and the hamulus of the hamate
Insertion: medial (ulnar) aspect of the fifth metacarpal bone
Function: opposition of the fifth finger to the thumb |
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Term
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Definition
two lateral (radial) and two medial (ulnar)
Origin: tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: lateral sides of the dorsal aponeurosis
Innervation: two lateral innervated by the median nerve (C8-T1) two medial innervated by the ulnar nerve (C8-T1) |
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Term
| palmar interossei muscles |
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Definition
origin: second, fourth, and fifth metacarpal bones
insertion: corresponding proximal phalanges and the dorsal aponeurosis
function: adduction of digits and assisting the lumbrical muscles |
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Term
| dorsal interossei muscles |
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Definition
Origin: opposing sides of the metacarpal bones
Insertion: base of the second through fourth proximal phalanges and the dorsal aponeurosis
Function: abduction of digits |
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Term
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Definition
| skull covered by skin (called the __) and subcutaneous tissues that overlay a thing layer of muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| upper part of the skull is the __, consisting of the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones |
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Term
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Definition
| __ are the sites of articulation between bones of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| junction between the frontal and parietal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| between the parietal bones |
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Term
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Definition
| between the parietal bones and the occipital bones |
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Term
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Definition
| unossified areas between the bones that are found during infancy and early childhood are called __ |
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Term
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Definition
| in the center, the frontal bone articulates with the nasal bones at the __, and the glabella is directly in the center above it |
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Term
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Definition
| several bones, including the frontal, zygomatic, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine, and maxillary bones, join together to form the __ |
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Term
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Definition
| the __ can be exposed by removing the zygomatic arch and the upper part of the ramus of the mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| __ transmits the nasopalatine nerve and vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| bears the foramen ceacum that transmits an emissary vein, with the cribriform plates flanking the crista galli in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
| structures in the __ include the optic canal, which lies on both side of the chiasmatic groove, anterior to the hypophyseal fossa, and transmits the optic nerver and ophthalmic artery |
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Term
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Definition
| the __ contains the internal acoustic meatus on the petrous bone that transmits the cranial nerves (CN) VII and VIII, and the labyrinthine artery |
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Term
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Definition
| the __ is a bone of the facial skeleton consisting of a body, an angle, and a ramus, which forms the anteroinferior, lateral, and inferior borders of the face |
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