Term
| Why should we learn about death? |
|
Definition
1. It affects our personal lives (those we know, we ourselves)
2. We may encounter it in our professional lives
3. We are all in a process of learning to accept and deal with it. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 goals of death education? |
|
Definition
1. To enrich one's personal life
2. To inform and guide individuals in their personal transactions with society
3. To prepare individuals for their public roles as citizens
4. To help prepare and support individuals in their professional & vocational roles
5. To enhance the ability of individuals to communicate effectively about death related matters
6. To assist individuals in appreciating how development across the human life course interacts with death related issues |
|
|
Term
Give the death education goal:
Our lives are finite; appreciate the little things |
|
Definition
| Enrich one's personal life |
|
|
Term
Give the death education goal:
One should learn of services, options, etc. that are available. Consider awareness of individuals and their family |
|
Definition
| To inform and guide individuals in their personal transactions with society |
|
|
Term
Give the death education goal:
Awareness of death-related topics in society. Be equipped to develop an informed opinion. Shapes policy and cultural identity. What's the role of media? (how easily are we influenced? how much good info is actually getting to us?) |
|
Definition
| To prepare individuals for their public roles as citizens |
|
|
Term
Give the death education goal:
How can it be dangerous to not appropriately prepare professionals? |
|
Definition
| To help prepare and support individuals in their professional and vocational roles |
|
|
Term
Give the death education goal:
"How to speak the language" Holistic perspective: what happens after? Much larger picture. |
|
Definition
| To enhance the ability of individuals to communicate effectively about death related matters |
|
|
Term
Give the death education goal:
How does ones perspective of death issues transform over the years? This highlights the importance of understanding "life course" |
|
Definition
| To assist individuals in appreciating how development across the human life course interacts with death related issues |
|
|
Term
| What is the holistic perspective of death? |
|
Definition
| Doesn't just include death. What happens after death? Much larger picture |
|
|
Term
| A person's life in context, including the experiences and memories of events and transition in that context |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is at the heart of death education? |
|
Definition
Discovery and emphasis on quality of life
We want life to be meaningful
When QOL goes down, what happens?
Related to this is a search for meaning |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 things that have shaped our perceptions of death today? |
|
Definition
| Occurance of death and how it was addressed |
|
|
Term
| Study of causes, distributions, and control of disease in populations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The change in dominant cause of death from infectious to degenerative disease |
|
Definition
| Epidemiological Transition |
|
|
Term
| Which century is known as the predawn era? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the 4 things needed in the pre 19th century (predawn area)? |
|
Definition
| Food, water, shelter, sex |
|
|
Term
These are characterstics of what era?
Four things needed: food, water, shelter, sex
Early domestication of plants and animals (very basic)
Aging just happened. Aging was viewed in terms of chidren had |
|
Definition
| Pre 19th century (predawn era) |
|
|
Term
These are characterstics of what era?
Simple tools; better cultivation, no need to move as much, development of towns and villages, communication and trade increase, more specialized roles. Early religion. Death because of "bad graces" |
|
Definition
| Pre 19th century (neolithic revolution/new stone age) |
|
|
Term
| Death was seen as terms of "bad graces" you or your family did something bad. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These are characterstics of what era?
Empire developments (ex. romans), emergence of the elite (thinkers/observations), Viewed dying as running out of energy/humors/dessication (dry up) Science and religion became more important, biggest killer was infection, Social elite denied death (fountain of youth, alchemy) |
|
Definition
| Pre 19th (early science - few thousand BC to 1800's) |
|
|
Term
These are characterstics of what era?
Health reform - socially driven. This includes personal hygiene & community hygiene. Epidemics began to breakout. Germ theory was developed. Microorganisms discovered with the intro of microsopes. Sterile medical techniques. Cotton gin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These are characterstics of what era?
Die early and easily. Infection was a big killer (black death, cholera, influenza, pneumonia, sepsis), aging was largely among the social elite. Aging among commoners was seen as bad/wrong. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During the early science what were the 3 theories on how people died? |
|
Definition
1. people ran out of vital energy (decreases over time)
2. People's humors were out of balance (blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile)
3. Dessication: you dry out due to loss of fluids (wrinkles) attributed to childbirth |
|
|
Term
| During this century there was big advances but little diffusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
These are characterstics of what era?
Diffiusion of genetics/germ theory. Infection comes under control (antibotics, widespread h2o treatment/plumbing, electricity, growth in garment industry (cotton)) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How has control of infectious disease influenced our "picture of death" in our changing society? |
|
Definition
Infection wasn't controlled well; death was more sudden
With control of infection, death tends to be slower. More time to prepare for death from degenerative disease.
People are dying at older ages.
Death has less of violent feeling to it (for the most part)
Death is more equal now, less poor dying from infection (access to healthcare is more available but still unequal)
More of an order to death (grandparents, parents, kids) |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 things that shape our death related experiences? |
|
Definition
Encounters with death
Attitudes towards death
Death related practices |
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Who is left? Life expectancy? |
|
Definition
| Survivorship; our encounters with death are mainly with the older population. Much older population now because rates are so high |
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Causes of death
Compression of morbidity thesis
Theory of cumulative disadvantage |
|
Definition
| Infections to degenerative to chronic diseases |
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Name the theory - The human lifespan is fixed and finite. Improvements in healthcare and prevention will compress the years that an individual will be disabled into the last few years of the lifespan |
|
Definition
| Compression of morbidity theory |
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Name the theory - health in old age is the cumulative; it is the result of everything that happens to a person since their birth.
ex. hurt ankle early in life, could lead to a fall later in life
"haves and have nots" |
|
Definition
| Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage |
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Name the trajectory of death - these decedents usually have little forewarning and often little or no interaction with the healthcare system before dying
Ex. most common are heart attacks and strokes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Name the trajectory of death - Function reasonably well for awhile but illness becomes overwhelming and non-responsive to treatment. Decline is rapid. Weeks to months.
Ex. primarily cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Name the trajectory of death - mostly those who have a serious and eventually fatal failure. Gradually diminishing functional status with periodic dramatic excaberations of their illnesss. Can have many "up" and "down" episodes
Ex. Primarily CHF/COPD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Name the trajectory of death - typically seen in nursing homes. Steady progressive disablity from chronic illness before dying from complications.
Ex. Primarily from complications from chronic illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Encounters with death:
Location of death. Where do most deaths occur now? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
What are some common attitudes towards death? |
|
Definition
| Clinical, personal, heavily emotional, anxiety |
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
What can attitudes toward death be based on? |
|
Definition
Experiences in family
Experiences at work
Religious beliefs |
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
What are we taught our attitudes toward death? |
|
Definition
Parents
Religious beliefs
What comes in from the media |
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
Name the category of our attitude regarding death - beliefs, feelings, values. Do we fear dying? Do we tend to avoid these thoughts? Shapes priorities and goals |
|
Definition
| Attitudes about our own dying |
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
Name the category of our attitude regarding death - How does prospect of my imminent death impact what I am experiencing now? Will it hurt? Will I know? Why does it scare us? |
|
Definition
| Attitudes toward death itself, the death of our self. (my death and immediate implications) |
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
Name the category of our attitude regarding death - Anxiet over unknown. Fear of judgement, afterlife, bridge/passage to another life. Will we see loved ones? |
|
Definition
| Attitudes related to concerns over what will happen to the self after death |
|
|
Term
Attitudes toward death:
Name the category of our attitude regarding death - Will my loved ones be okay? Taken care of? How will I live without my loved one? Will I feel relief? What will happen to me? Influence of age and personal family status. |
|
Definition
| Attitudes related to the dying/death/bereavement of another |
|
|
Term
| What are some influences of our attitudes towards death? |
|
Definition
| Developmental age, our relationships, belief system, culture/religion/values, personal experiences with death and loss, attitude towards death, death anxiety |
|
|
Term
| Death anxiety is based on what? |
|
Definition
| Gener (less in females) age, belief in afterlife. |
|
|
Term
The sociophysical network by which we meditate and express our relationshio to mortality
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Death systems in tribal v. modernized societies |
|
Definition
Tribal: mortality rates (up) death more prevelant
Modernized: mortality (down) |
|
|
Term
| What are the elements of a societal death system? |
|
Definition
People
Places
Times
Objects
Symbols
Roles of memorials/museums |
|
|
Term
Name the element of the death system:
Social roles related to death. Lawyers, life insurance, clergy, graveyard staff, funeral homes, medical personnel, counselors, florists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the element of the death system:
Locations with death related character: graveyard, funeral home, nursing homes, hospitals, historical grounds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the element of the death system:
Occasions, dedicated observances, death days, moments of silences to remember |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the element of the death system:
Hearse, death certificate, urns, self identified objects |
|
Definition
| Objects: artifacts linked to death |
|
|
Term
Name the element of the death system:
Symbolic objects/actions/phrases that signify death. "dust to dust" skull, black cat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the element of the death system:
this is related to all elements. think of 911 museum effects |
|
Definition
| roles of memorials / museums |
|
|
Term
Identify the function of a societal death system:
Associated with some careers and services. Healthcare, law enforcememtn, safety educators/inventors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the function of a societal death system:
Services. Hospice, counseling, legal, pastoral, private EMS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the function of a societal death system:
Funeral home, cemetary workers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify the function of a societal death system:
coping, bereavment, counseling, pastoral care |
|
Definition
| Work towards social consolidation after death |
|
|
Term
Identify the function of a societal death system:
euthanasia, war, capital punishment, animals for food |
|
Definition
| Bring about socially sanctioned killing (humans/animals) |
|
|
Term
| What are the other functions of a societal death system? |
|
Definition
Give warnings and predictions to the public
To help make sense of death |
|
|
Term
How do we talk about death?
tends to be more pleasant, acceptable, delicate
ex. before his time, called home, bit the dust |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How do we talk about death?
Not actual death/dying
ex. I about nearly died, im dying here, dying of hunger |
|
Definition
|
|
