made of cellulose (and lignin)

Chloroplasts have _________

• 90% of cell volume
• waste dump
• large bag of water

Can plants live without roots?

• they have cell walls
• they are unique organelles
• they have chloroplast
• they have a large vacuole

• parts of the plant that are usually below the ground
• increase surface area for absorption
• anchors the plant

• one main root with branches
• grows deep

• no main root
• grows deep

• stems have buds and nodes

• buds produce flowers or branches

• strong stems
• examples: tree trunks, shrubs and woody vines

• vascular system is less extensive
• weaker
• cannot grow tall
• example: most sprouts, herbs

• always formed from flowers
• enlarged fleshy ovary

• tricks a plant for seed dispersal
• protects the seed

• some fruits are not one enlarged ovary

• multiple fruit
• seperate flowers

• aggregate fruit
• seperate pistil in a single flower

by the parts of a seed:

• food storage tissue
• embryo
• seed coat

• protects the embryo
• nourishes embryo
• helps seed dispersal

• cell divison
• cell enlargement

• one large ring per growth season
• larger cells- early spring
• smaller cells- late summer

less auxins at the top and more auxin at the bottom, longer cells at the bottom

• touching the plant can cause the plant to curl around your finger

• contains plant embryo plus nutritive tissue and tough outer coat
• starting poing for next generation

• dividing cells in growing tips
• cell division by mitosis
• cell elongation
• cell differentation

• the thickness of the stem is determined
• xylem and phloem

• seedling phase
• juvenile phase
• reproductive phase

• no flowers
• have seeds

• 98% of dry weight of foods
• carbohydrates, proteins, fats (lipids)
• made of units or buliding blocks

• 1-2% of dry weight of food
• vitamins and minerals

• energy to raise temperature of one gram by 1*C
• measure of energy
• from fats > carbohydrates > proteins

• building block of carbohydrates
• contain glucose and fructose

• table sugar
• disaccharides
• contains glucose and fructose

• milk sugar
• disaccharides

• polysaccharides
• many units

Yes

example: mass

• xylem sap
• 1-5% sugar

• phototropism
• gravitropism
• thigmotropsim