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Exam #2
Study questions
59
Astronomy
Undergraduate 1
02/27/2011

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Cards

Term
Does Venus have a magnetic field?
Definition
If Venus does have a magnetic field, it is very faint and hardly detectable. It may have a tiny magnetic field generated from the interaction between the solar wind and the ionosphere.
Term
Does Venus have water in its atmosphere?
Definition
No.
Term
Venus has a moon.
Definition
FALSE.
Term
Venus has phases.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
A day on Venus is longer than a year on Venus.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
Venus has tectonic activity.
Definition
FALSE.
Term
Venus is similar to earth in its size, density and mass.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
Name three missions that explored Venus:
Definition
The Mariner missions, Venera missions, and Magellan missions.
Term
What are the clouds on Venus composed of?
Definition
Sulphuric acid.
Term
The rotation of Venus is retrograde.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
Since Venus has a similar density to earth, the core is similar.
Definition
TRUE. Although, it may not have a molten outer core, since the magnetic field is so weak.
Term
The surface of Venus is obscured by thick clouds.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
What are the greenhouse gases?
Definition
Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, and Methane.
Term
Venus has millions 
of 
volcanoes,
 but 
no
apparent
 ongoing 
lava
 flow.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
The surface of Venus is young.
Definition
TRUE. It is probably around 300 to 500 million years old.
Term
Venus has chains of volcanoes, similar to the Hawaiian Islands.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
Venus has coronae.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
What is the difference between a volcano and an impact crater?
Definition
Volcanoes have lava flow, a round, flattened rim, a smooth crater floor and a bullseye ridge pattern.

Impact craters have a central peak and sharp edges.
Term
Are there any small craters on Venus?
Definition
There are no 
small 
craters on Venus.

Meteorites
 are
 probably 
destroyed

in
 the atmosphere.


Crater 
clusters 
exist
 on the the surface of Venus. Larger 
meteorites

break 
up 
before
 impact to form these clusters.


Also, a 
lack 
of 
large
 craters
 indicates

resurfaced
 area.
Term
What is some evidence for Plate Tectonics?
Definition
The continents appear that they could fit together like a Jigsaw Puzzle.

Similar fossil records are found in Brazil and North Africa.

Sea Floor Spreading -- Magnetic mapping of the ocean floor revealed a history of polarity reversals that formed a mirror image about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Term
The idea of Plate Tectonics was first published by the German geologist in 1915. What was his name?
Definition
Alfred Wegener.
Term
On average, the current surface of the earth is 500 million years old.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
In 1877, Schiaparelli noticed lines on Mars called "canali". What did people take this to mean?
Definition
People mistook it to mean canals, meaning civilization.
Term
Who was Percival Lowell?
Definition
A crazy rich man who built an observatory in Arizona to look for Martians.
Term
In 1892, Edward Barnard noticed ___ on the surface of Mars.
Definition
Craters.
Term
In 1659, Huygen's first notice ____ on the surface of Mars.
Definition
Color variations.
Term
Who first determined that Mars was cold, frozen, and generally unfit for life?
Definition
Alfred Wallace.
Term
What were the major missions to Mars?
Definition
The Mariner Missions and the Viking Missions.

Mariner Missions studied craters, dust storms and weather.

Viking missions analyzed soil, looked for life, measured atmosphere, and studied water erosion.
Term
Mars has a thin atmosphere.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
What is the most geologically active moon in the solar system?
Definition
IO. Io is the innermost Galilean moon. It is bigger than our moon, and has over 400 volcanoes. The volcanism is due to Jupiter's pull, not due to tectonics. The volcanoes spew out sulfur and oxygen, and these elements create a plasma torus.
Term
This moon is covered in ice salt water. It may have a warm interior and liquid ocean that could foster life. It is one of Jupiter's moons.
Definition
Europa.
Term
This moon is the largest moon in the SS. It is covered in ice water, has young and old portions on surface, has some tectonic activity, and has craters that are two billion years old. It is one of Jupiter's moons.
Definition
Ganymede.
Term
This moon is heavily cratered, has no tectonics, and has an interesting crater. It is one of Jupiter's moons.
Definition
Callisto.
Term
This moon belongs to Saturn. It has a thick, orange smog surrounding it. It has methane rivers and lakes in its surface. Water exists here in "rock-like" pebbles.
Definition
Titan
Term
This is one of Saturn's moons. It has geysers, and a salt-water ocean underneath its ice crust. The water contains organic molecules, and there could be the possibility of life.
Definition
Enceladus.
Term
This moon belongs to Saturn. It has huge crater's and an equatorial ridge. It is shaped like a walnut and is tidally locked to Saturn.
Definition
Iapetus.
Term
Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Mimas are moons belonging to which planet?
Definition
Saturn.
Term
What is the largest irregularly shaped object in the SS?
Definition
Hyperion.
Term
Why is Uranus blue?
Definition
It is blue because ammonia (NH3)is missing. It is frozen out of the atmosphere due to the cold. Also, methane absorbs the red color.
Term
What is so weird about the seasons of Jupiter?
Definition
It has 21 years of summer, followed by 21 years of Winter.
Term
Which planet is tipped 98% in its orbit?
Definition
Uranus.
Term
Does Uranus have an internal source of heat?
Definition
No.
Term
What is the storm on Neptune called?
Definition
The Great Dark Spot
Term
Does Neptune emit thermal energy?
Definition
Yes -- 2.7 times more than it receives from the sun.
Term
All the gas giants have rings.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
Both Neptune and Uranus have a rocky core, icy mantle of methane, ammonia and water, an atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane, and have clouds.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
The frozen ammonia in Neptune and Uranus' atmosphere helps conduct a magnetic field.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
This moon of Uranus has been broken and put back together. It has coronae like Venus, young and old surfaces, highlands like the moon, a fault canyon, and cracks like Enceladus and Europa.
Definition
Miranda
Term
This moon of Uranus has a young surface, many small craters, and intersecting valleys.
Definition
Ariel
Term
This moon of Uranus has an old, dark surface, many old, dark craters, and a bright ring on one side.
Definition
Umbriel.
Term
This moon of Uranus is the outermost moon. It has large craters, dark material, and a big crater named "Hamlet."
Definition
Oberon.
Term
What are the names of the sheppard moons?
Definition
Cordelia and Ophelia. They keep the Epsilon ring in line. They really should have destroyed each other.
Term
Neptune has eight moons, maybe more.
Definition
TRUE.
Term
This moon belongs to Neptune. It is the size of earth's moon. It has frozen volcanoes that spew frozen nitrogen and methane dust. This rains down on the surface and gives the moon a fluffy, cantaloupe-like appearance.
Definition
Triton.
Term
What is the atmosphere of Jupiter composed of?
Definition
Hydrogen, Helium, and Methane.
Term
What is Saturn's atmosphere composed of?
Definition
Hydrogen and helium.
Term
What is Mars atmosphere composed of?
Definition
Oxygen, carbon-dioxide and sulfer-dioxide.
Term
What is Venus' atmosphere composed of?
Definition
Carbon dioxide, sulfer dioxide.
Term
What are Uranus' and Neptune's atmospheres composed of?
Definition
Hydrogen, helium, and methane.
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