Shared Flashcard Set

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Exotics (there's orf in here too)
exotics
26
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
07/08/2020

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What species are primarily affected by the orf virus (contagious ecthyma)?
Definition

Sheep and goats

 

*This is a zoonotic virus and can affect people working closely with affected animals*

Term
In what family is ORFV?
Definition

The poxviridae family; double stranded DNA virus  

 

This family also includes bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpoxvirus (PCPV).

Term
What are the typical lesions of ORFV in goats and sheep?
Definition

Initially: pustular skin lesions that first appear on the mouth, oral mucosae, teats and around the nostrils

 

Progressive dz (over 1-2 mo): formation of papules, vesicles, pustules with a yellow/cream appearance and crusting; this is not a scarring dermatoses 

 

[image]

Term
When human are infected with ORFV, what are the typical clinical signs?
Definition

Erythematous papules of the fingers/finger joints, palms, face and lips

Fever, malase and lymphadenopathy are common

 

Generally resolves with only supportive care in 6-12 weeks

Term
The orf virus genome encodes a number of immunomodulatory proteins that enhance its virulence (and make it a good candidate for a vaccine vector, immunomodulatory agent or antitumor treatment), name 2.
Definition

Viral interleukin 10 (has marked homology to IL-10) - inhibits cytokine synthesis: (IL-8 and TNF) from macs and keratinocytes; (INF-gamma) from lymphocytes

 

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - approximately 25% homology, promotes mitosis of epithelial cells and regulate blood vessel formation

 

Virus interferon resistance protein - weakens the IFN induced intracellular antiviral response 

 

Chemokine binding protein - inhibits G-protein coupled chemokines via competitive binding

 

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor/IL-2 inhibitory protein 

 

Nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitory protein 

 

 

Term
What topical parasiticide should never be used on rabbits?
Definition
Fipronil (don't use it on hedgehogs either)
Term
What is the ear mite of rabbits?
Definition
Psoroptes cuniculi
Term
What is the most common itchy mite of guinea pigs?
Definition
The scabies mite, Trixacarus caviae
Term
[image] You found this mite on a guinea pig that is very itchy. What is it called?
Definition
Trixacarus caviae
Term
What is the most common itchy mite on rats and hamsters?
Definition
Notoedres muris
Term
What parasite might make a guinea pig so itchy it looks like it is seizing?
Definition
Trixacarus caviae (sarcoptes type mite)
Term
What two types of lice can affect guinea pigs?
Definition
Gyropus ovalis and gliricola porcelli
Term
What are effective treatments for mites and lice in small mammals?
Definition
Selamectin (Revolution), topical Bravecto in rabbits, injectable ivermectin (SQ or PO, only SQ in guinea pigs)
Term
How do we treat dermatophytes in small mammals?
Definition
Lime sulfur can be very effective, topical enilconazole (not avail in US)
Term
What small mammal species will 'fur slip' when frightened or stressed?
Definition
Chinchillas
Term
What types of demodex do hamsters like to get?
Definition
Demodex aurati- follicular mite, demodex criceti, stratum corneum superficial mite. Fluralaner topically, ivermectin SQ?
Term
What is the recommended treatment for rabbit syphillis?
Definition
Penicillin G (can give by injection, but watch for gut issues), could also do chloramphenicol or azithromycin (not as effective)
Term
What type of virus causes myxomatosis in rabbits?
Definition
A pox virus- causes nodules, then exudate, high mortality
Term
What type of bacteria is most common for rabbit abscesses?
Definition
Pasturella multocida
Term
What is the most common cause of alopecia in ferrets?
Definition
Hyperadrenocorticism
Term
What are the names of the lice found on mice and rats, respectively?
Definition
Polyplax serrata (mice), polyplax spinulosa (rats) - can be vectors for mycoplasma, encephalitozoon, other diseases
Term
What species is the rabbit flea?
Definition
Spilopsyllus cuniculi, tx with Advantage (imidacloprid)
Term
In which small mammal is demodex the most common?
Definition
Syrian hamsters
Term
Which small animal species can get cystic ovaries and associated alopecia from hyperestrogenism?
Definition
Guinea pigs
Term
Which chyletiella is found most often on rabbits?
Definition
Parasitovorax (use selamectin!)
Term
Adrenocortical disease in ferrets
Definition
  • 2nd most common tumor
  • affects adrenocortical zona reticularis adenoma
  • excess secretion of estradiol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androsteindione
  • tumors may invade vena cava
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