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Definition
| occurs whenever a conclusion is drawn, or invited to be drawn, on the basis of an appeal to force |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever a conclusion is drawn, or invited to be drawn, on the basis of an appeal to some fact or alleged fact about one's opponent |
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Definition
| occurs whenever a conclusion is drawn, or invited to be drawn, on the basis of an appeal to popular belief |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever a conclusion is drawn, or invited to be drawn, on the basis of an appeal to mercy or pity |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever a conclusion is drawn, or invited to be drawn, on the basis of an appeal to the expert opinion of an authority |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever a conclusion is drawn, or invited to be drawn, on the basis of an appeal to ignorance |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever a question contains a hidden, illicit or unsupported assumption |
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Term
| Begging the question (aka petitio principii) |
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Definition
| occurs whenever an arguer uses as a premise of his argument any proposition that his opponent presently rejects |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever an argument depends inappropriately on a semantic ambiguity |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever an argument depends inappropriately on a grammatical, rather than a purely semantic, ambiguity |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever we conclude that the probability of a positive outcome for the final member of a sequence of independent events is made more likely by previous negative outcomes within the series |
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Term
| hasty generalization (aka secundum quid) |
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Definition
| occurs whenever an unwarranted induction is drawn on the basis of a few particular observations, rather than on the basis of a fair and reasonable sample |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs whenever it is concluded that one event, E1, causes another, E2, just because E2 follows E1 |
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