Term
Prior to 1900 in the United States, our approach to land management can best be described as:
a. preservation of natural resources b. protection of wildlife
c. environmental activism
d. exploitation for human wants and needs |
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Definition
| d. exploitation for human wants and needs |
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Term
Which of the following is a renewable resource?
a. Granite mined in Elbert County for countertops and grave markers
b. Coal mined from West Virginia and used to make electricity in Orlando, FL
c. Kaolin clay mined in Johnson County, Georgia used to make bathroom fixtures d. Pine trees harvested for building products, pulp, and energy near Waycross
e. None of the above |
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Definition
| d. Pine trees harvested for building products, pulp, and energy near Waycross |
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Term
Which president signed most of the major laws that guide our government regulation of environmental protection today?
a. Thomas Jefferson b. Warren Harding
c. Franklin Roosevelt d. Theodore Roosevelt e. Richard Nixon |
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Definition
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Term
Paul Ehrlich wrote a book in 1968 that warned of the mass starvation of humans if our environmental decision-making did not change. The book was entitled:
a. Silent Spring
b. Man and Nature
c. The Population Bomb
d. The Tragedy of the Commons e. The Empty Plate |
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Definition
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Term
If immigration is 35, emigration is 15, the birth rate is 35, and the death rate is 20 (each per 1000 people), what is the percentage growth rate for this country?
a. 0.5% b. 5.0% c. 35% d. 3.5% |
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Definition
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Term
In the article Go Forth and Multiply a Lot Less from the Economist Magazine, we learned that the fertility rate in half of the world’s countries today has fallen under 2.1 – the global “replacement fertility level”. Which of the following was NOT discussed as a possible reason?
a. Food shortages and famines b. Improved living standards
c. Greater education of females
d. Use of family planning and contraception e. None of the above |
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Definition
| a. Food shortages and famines |
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Term
The population of Earth 2011 is projected to reach approximately what level by 2050? ?
a. 70 billion
b. 700 million c. 7 billion
d. 9 billion
e. 900 billion |
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Definition
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Term
You are shopping for fertilizer at the local gardening center. The numbers on the bag are
28-10-14. These represent the percentage by weight of which collection of elements?
a. Na – P – C
b. N – P – K
c. K – C – S
d. Sand – Silt – Clay |
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Definition
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Term
Loam soils are the most productive for agricultural cultivation. What percent sand does a loam soil possess?
a. <15%
b. 30-50%
c. >75%
d. Loams do not contain sand. |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most important concept to follow in preventing soil erosion?
a. do not over water b. minimize tillage
c. do not apply too much fertilizer d. cover the soil
e. use herbicides responsibly |
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Definition
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Term
Soils contain which of the following components?
a. dead and living organic matter b. minerals
c. air
d. water
e. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The humus layer provides several benefits to a soil including:
a. reducing erodibility
b. increasing macropore space c. increasing water retention
d. minimizing leaching of nutrients e. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Before adding lime or fertilizer to your soil, what step should you take first?
a. obtain a permit from EPA
b. inform your neighbors
c. wait until after first frost
d. collect a soil sample and have it tested for the plants you plan to grow |
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Definition
| d. collect a soil sample and have it tested for the plants you plan to grow |
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Term
Which of the following is not a key concept of no-till agriculture?
a. maximize biodiversity – plant a variety of crops b. minimize tillage – use herbicides instead
c. add organic matter by using mulch and leaving crop residues in the field d. keep the soil covered
e. use heirloom seeds that have not been genetically improved |
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Definition
| e. use heirloom seeds that have not been genetically improved |
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Term
In the article Pennywise and Pound Fuelish, the impacts of changing the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards in the 1980s were discussed. Which of the following resulted from the higher CAFE standards?
a. highway deaths increased by 2,000 per year
b. average fuel mileage for passenger cars increased from 13 to 27 mpg c. sales of light trucks and SUVs increased
d. people averaged driving more miles each year e. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Kia Motors builds a large auto manufacturing plant near West Point, Georgia. This brings significant new economic activity to the area, increasing jobs and the tax base for the community. However, waste products from the facility including some amount of toxic materials are quickly filling the local landfill. Such an effect is known as an:
a. inefficiency b. inequity
c. externality d. forcing
e. indifference |
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Definition
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Term
Which statement is accurate based on the production possibility frontier relating biodiversity index to timber harvests that we discussed in class?
a. Biodiversity and timber harvest were not related.
b. The highest biodiversity was achieved at the intermediate level of timber harvest.
c. Biodiversity and timber harvest followed a linear pattern, thus any decrease in timber harvest yielded the same net benefit for biodiversity.
d. The initial reduction in timber harvest yielded the largest benefit to the biodiversity index. |
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Definition
d. The initial reduction in timber harvest yielded the largest benefit to the biodiversity
index. |
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Term
Two primary concerns in an economy are efficiency and equity. Equity is:
a. allocation of resources fairly to all members of society b. opportunity for entrepreneurs to make a fair profit
c. the ratio of the production of products or services per unit of resource used d. always improved by government regulations
e. all of the above |
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Definition
| a. allocation of resources fairly to all members of society |
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Term
Which of the following are NOT effective ways to handle resource management where a tragedy of the commons situation is taking place?
a. To be fair to as many as possible, allow all interested citizens to use the resource b. Lease the resource to a private entity
c. Require users of the resource to pay a market-based price for its use d. Give local people near the resource a greater role in its management e. Privatize the resource by selling it to a private part |
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Definition
| a. To be fair to as many as possible, allow all interested citizens to use the resource |
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Term
Economists are nearly unanimous in agreeing that the most economically efficient way to reduce the use of fossil fuels in the United States and spur innovation to find substitutes would be:
a. a cap & trade system regulating CO2 emissions b. a direct tax on fossil fuel use
c. subsidies for research into alternatives
d. a higher fuel mileage standard for automobiles
e. mandating the use of renewable for electricity production |
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Definition
| b. a direct tax on fossil fuel use |
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Term
Secondary succession
a. occurs in areas not previously occupied by organisms
b. always results in the establishment of a climax community c. takes longer to produce forest trees than primary succession d. occurs whenever an ecosystem is disturbed
e. has not been attempted by any state since the Civil War |
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Definition
| d. occurs whenever an ecosystem is disturbed |
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Term
The tendency of toxic materials to be found in higher concentrations in the tissues of animals higher up in the food chain is termed:
a. bioaccumulation b. biomagnification
c. toxic accumulation d. the toxicity pyramid |
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Definition
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Term
(27) On average, about how much of the energy available at one trophic level is transferred to the next level in the trophic pyramid?
a. 50% b. 30% c. 25% d. 10% |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following describes the process of photosynthesis?
a. Solar energy + C6H12O6 + 02 CO2 + H20 b. Solar energy + CO2 + O2 C6H12O6 + O2
c. Solar energy + CO2 + H20 C6H1206 + O2
d. Solar energy + CO2 + H2O C6H1206 + ENERGY |
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Definition
| c. Solar energy + CO2 + H20 C6H1206 + O2 |
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Term
Carrying capacity is defined as:
a. the number of times Hershel ran the ball while at Georgia b. the number of organisms that an ecosystem can support
c. the number of species that a community can support
d. the ability of a human population to feed and clothe itself |
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Definition
| b. the number of organisms that an ecosystem can support |
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Term
“Ecologists remind us that when we throw something away, there really is no “away”.
Waste remains in one form or another, forever.” This is an application of the:
a. The competitive exclusion principle b. The first law of energy
c. The law of conservation of matter d. The second law of energy |
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Definition
| c. The law of conservation of matter |
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Term
The environmental impact of one child in the more developed countries (MDC) is how much greater than one child in the less developed countries (LDC)?
a. 2X b. 5X c. 10X
d. >20X |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following systems are “open” systems?
a. carbon cycle
b. nitrogen cycle c. water cycle
d. energy system
e. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
A group of organisms that look alike and can actually or potentially interbreed is called a a. Community
b. Genus
c. Ecosystem d. Species |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following factors impact the effectiveness and risk of using pesticides?
a. concentration rate b. application method
c. frequency of application
d. environmental conditions (wind, rainfall, temperature, season)
e. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
As a consumer or homeowner using pesticides, what is the most important thing you can do to use these products safely?
a. Read and follow the label instructions
b. Always consider weather conditions before application c. Mix only the amount needed for application
d. Take steps to ensure that you are protected during application e. None of the above |
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Definition
| a. Read and follow the label instructions |
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Term
The greatest potential for adverse environmental effects from pesticides involves:
a. impacts on the climate that could accelerate global warming
b. allow higher human populations through control of diseases such as malaria
c. contamination of the hydrologic (water) system by pesticides and/or their byproducts d. development of resistance in pests
e. contamination of food by pesticide residues |
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Definition
| c. contamination of the hydrologic (water) system by pesticides and/or their byproducts |
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Term
Restricted pesticides differ from general pesticides in which of the following ways?
a. Restricted pesticides require a pesticide applicators license when purchased.
b. They are more likely to be persistent or be potentially hazardous to applicators. c. They are cheaper.
d. A&B
e. All of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Of the following users of pesticides, which one tends to apply them with the least training and is least likely to safely handle them?
a. forest managers
b. row crop farmers c. golf courses
d. homeowners |
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Definition
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Term
If two species occupy the same ecological niche, one will drive the other to extinction.
This is known as:
a. environmental resistance
b. law of conservation of habitats c. competitive exclusion principle
d. law of environmental intolerance e. carrying capacity |
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Definition
| c. competitive exclusion principle |
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Term
Which of the following biomes is not one of the most productive on Earth?
a. estuaries
b. algal beds and reefs c. tropical rain forests d. boreal forests
e. swamps and marshes |
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Definition
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