Term
| Synthesis & storage of vitamin A |
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Definition
| β-carotene is ingested and absorbed in the intestine & converted to Vit. A in the mucosa. 90% is stored in the liver as retinal palmitate & carotenoids are stored in adipose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Liver, milk, alfalfa & green leafy vegetables. |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.7mg (expressed in retinol equivalents: 1RE= 1mcg retinol = 6mcg β-carotene = 12mcg other carotenes) |
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Term
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Definition
+ Part of opsin in rod cells that function for photo reception
+ Synthesis of some glycoproteins in mucous
+ Controls cell growth in cell differentiation
+ Carotenoids are antioxidants |
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Term
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Definition
+ Night blindness + Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
+ Skin disorders
+ Lack of growth |
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Term
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Definition
+ Occurs over 200mg in adults (from eating polar bear, seal liver or too many multivitamins)
+ Causes headache, nausea, vomiting, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, blurred vision |
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Term
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Definition
+ Calcium homeostasis: regulates calcium absorption (bone growth)
+ Cellular differentiation |
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Term
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Definition
+ Body can synthesise from 7-OH Cholesterol in skin if there's sufficient sunlight
+ Also found in oily fish, egg yolk, butter and liver |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
+ In kids: Rickets or osteomalacia (bowed bones)
+ In adults: Osteoporosis |
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Term
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Definition
+ Hypervitaminosis D
+ Toxic dose is only 10x higher than normal dose
+ Causes hypercalcaemia: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
+ Antioxidant (protects cells, lungs and DNA from damage)
+ Blood clotting: required as cofactor for clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10
+ Bone formation |
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Term
| Food sources of vitamin E |
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Definition
+ Green leafy vegetables, plant oils, meat, eggs
+ Bacteria in large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Very rare unless one has difficulty absorbing fats
+ Haemolytic anaemia/ generalised bleeding
+ spinocerebellar signs |
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Term
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Definition
+ Blood coagulation
+ Bone metabolism |
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