1. energy storage

2. Membranes

3. 2nd messenger

4. protein targeting to membranes

fatty acyl ester of glycerol

high energy content

hydrophobic and anhydrous: compact

1: lipid mobilization

2:activation & transport to mitochondria

3:breakdown by oxidation (beta)

Uses ATP to activate the fatty acid for transport into mitochondria

first step: attach AMP to fatty acid, release PPi

second step: replase AMP with CoA to produce Acyl CoA (ex palmitoyl-CoA) and AMP

attaches fatty acid to carrier molecule, carnitine.

produces acyl carnitine and recuced CoA (CoASH)

Version 1: in intermembrane space. regulated

Version 2: in mitochonrial matrix

1:oxidation 1 produces FADH2

2:Hydration

3:oxidation 2 produces NADH

4:cleavage

pentose phosphate pathway

photosynthesis

oxidative phosphorylation

glycolysis

1: malonyl CoA is produced as activated precursor

2: (2-4) condensation of 2 carbon units to fatty acid chain

3: (5-7) reduction of the product of condensation rxns

key committed step in biosynth

acetyl CoA -> malonyl CoA

highly regulated; sim to pyruvate carboxylase

High ATP inhibits; phosphorylation inhibits

AMP activated protein kinase is used to deactivate

protein phosphatase activates

stimulated by insulin, inhibited by glucagon and epinephrine

carries carbon precursors and growing fatty acid as activated thioesters

similar to CoA: has active SH group on end

acetyl and malonyl CoA both attach

Triacylglycerol -> fatty acids: TAG lipase perilipin A - up reg by PKA (epinephrine & glucagon), down by protein phosphatase 2A (insulin)

fatty acid breakdown: Carnitine Acyl T (+ palmitoyl CoA - malonyl CoA)

synthesis:

citrate translocase (- palmitoyl CoA)

Acetyl CoA carboxylase (+ citrate; Pp2A - palmitoyl CoA; AMP dependent PK)

fatty acid synthase (+ malonyl CoA)

Condensation

Reduction

Thioesterase (release)