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Definition
| A major domain of development that involves changes in mental activity, including sensation, perception, memory, thought, reasoning, and language. |
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| The social heritage of a people - those learned patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generation to another. |
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| The orderly and sequential changes that occur with the passage of time as an organism moves from conception to maturation to death. |
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| The branch of psychology that investigates how individuals change over time while remaining in some respects the same. |
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| Ecological approach/Ecological theory |
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Definition
| Bronfenbrenner's system of understanding development, according to which the study of developmental influences must include the person's interaction with the environment, the person's changing physical and social settings, the relationship among those settings, and how the entire process is affected by the society in which the settings are embedded. |
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| Emotional-social development |
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Definition
| (Also called psychosocial development) A major domain of development that includes changes in an individual's personality, emotions, and relationships with others. |
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| Goal of the field of the human development |
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Definition
1. To describe changes that typically occur across the life span. [Ex. 18-29 yr olds moving away from parents. Percentage of who goes to work, get married, etc.]
2. To explain these changes - to specify the determinants of developmental change. [Ex. what factors impact a young person's decisions to leave home? How are they influenced by their surroundings/peers?]
3.To predict developmental changes. [Ex. What are the consequences of delayed leaving of parents or returning. What impacts it?]
4. To be able to use their knowledge to intervene in the course of events in order to control them. [Ex. Boomerang effect, people returning to parents house causing new societies of emerging adulthood] |
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| The increase in size that occurs with age. |
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| The more or less permanent change in behavior that results from the individual's experience in the environment across the entire life span. |
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| Changes that occur in a person's body, including changes in weight and height; in the brain, heart, and other organ structures and processes; and in skeletal, muscular, and neurological features that affect motor, sensory, and coordination skills. |
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| Standards and expectations that specify what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate behavior for individuals at various periods in the life span. |
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| The ability to mentally manipulate images in different dimensions. |
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| A special type of longitudinal study that focuses on a single individual rather than a group of subjects. |
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| In an experiment, a group of participants who are similar to the participants in the experimental group but do not receive the independent variable (treatment). The results obtained with the control group are compared with the results of the experimental group. |
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| The numerical expression of the degree or extent of relationship between two or more variables or conditions. |
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| A study in which researchers compare data from two or more societies and cultures. Culture, rather than individuals, is the subject of analysis |
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| A systematic and formal process for conducting research, including selecting a researchable problem, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, arriving at conclusions, and making the findings possible. |
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| A combination of the longitudinal and cross sectional methods of research. |
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| A reasearch method used to study the incidence of specific behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs in a large population of people. |
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| (also called cohort or birth cohort) A group of persons born in the same time interval. |
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| Social layers within societies that are based on chronological age and serve to differentiate people as superior or inferior, higher or lower. |
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| A research technique of recording a class of behaviors observed at specific time intervals. |
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| Theory that individuals who drop out of study tend to be different from those who remain in study. |
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Definition
| An observational technique that involves counting the occurrences of a specific behavior over systematically spaced intervals of time. |
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Definition
| A variable that may occur in research when the elements under study are mingled so they cannot be distinguished or separated. |
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Definition
| Factors that can confound the outcome of an experiment, such as the age and gender of the subjects, the time of day the study is conducted, the educational levels of the subjects, the setting for the experiment, and so on. |
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Definition
| An ethical standard, estabished by the American Psychological Association, that requires the researcher to inform each subject about the research study and obtain from each subject his or her voluntary, written consent to participate in a research study. |
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Definition
| An ethical standard established b the American Psychological Association requiring that researchers keep confidential all their records of behaviors or information about research participants. |
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