Term
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Definition
Fructos
Galactose
Glucose |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Plant Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural component of bone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Synthesis of rhodopsin
Development and maintenance of epethelial tissue |
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Term
Vitamin
A
Deficiencies
x3
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Definition
Night blindess
Slow wound healing
Spontaneous abortions |
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Term
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Definition
Intracellular
Intracellular enzymes |
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Term
|
Definition
Electron transport system
Synthesis of collagen
Synthesis of mor-epinephrine |
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Term
|
Definition
| Central component of Vitamin B12 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Synthesis of metabolic compound of FAD
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Component of B12 (cyanocobalimine) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Parakeratosis
Skin and hair problem |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Pallegra
Black tongue
Speckled eye |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Synthesis of thyroid hormones
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Term
|
Definition
| Plants; irridation of ergesterol |
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Term
|
Definition
| Animals; irriadiation of seven dehydrocholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
Vitamin K
Deficiencies
x3 |
|
Definition
Deficiency in prothrombin
Prolonged blood clotting time
Causes dicumeral |
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Term
|
Definition
Needed for hemoglobin
Carries O2 from tissues
Needed for electron transport system for ATP
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| C, H, O, and Nitrogen made of amino acids hooked together via peptide linkage is a _____? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The amount of heat energy by burning a sample completely is called ________? |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of energy absorbed after consuming a chet. Determined by subtracting energy in the fecal material from gross energy is called _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Determined by subtracting energy in urine and combustable gases from digestible energy is called _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Measured by subtracting heat incriment from metabolizable energy |
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Definition
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|
Term
3 General functions of nutrients
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|
Definition
Provide structural materials
Serve as an energy source
Regulation of body processes |
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Term
| The preparation of food for absorption is called _____? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Physical
Mechanical
Chemical
Enzymatic
Microbial |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Fat soluble
Water soluble |
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|
Term
Describe the Monogastric Stomach
x2 |
|
Definition
Elongated and pouch-like
Has structures called Rugae |
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|
Term
Functions of the monogastric stomach
x4 |
|
Definition
Mix injested material
Store injested material
Limited absorption
Partial digestion |
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|
Term
Parts of the monogastric stomach
x6 |
|
Definition
Cardiac sphincter
Esophogeal region
Cardiac gland region
Fundic gland region
Pyloric gland region
Pyloric sphincter |
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Term
| What does the cardiac gland do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lines the esophogeal region? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What cells does the fundic gland region contain
x3 |
|
Definition
Mucus nech cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells |
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Term
| What do chief cells produce? |
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Definition
| secrete pepsin and rennin |
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Term
| What to parietal cells secrete? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What are the functions of the small intestine?
x3 |
|
Definition
Complete digestion
Nutrient absorption
Secretion of some digestive enzymes and hormones |
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Term
| What are the 3 segments of the small intestine? |
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Definition
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|
Term
What are the functions of the large intestine?
x2
|
|
Definition
Elimination of digestive wastes
Absorption of water |
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|
Term
What cells are within the duodeunom?
x3 |
|
Definition
Goblet cells
Brunner's Glands
Crypts of Leiberkuhn |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do Crypts of leiberkuhn do? |
|
Definition
Produce digestive enzymes
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Term
| What do brunners glands produce? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are peyer's patches? |
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for lymph nodes |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parts of the ruminant stomach? |
|
Definition
Reticulum
Rumin
Omasum
Abomasum |
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is the site of Na absorption? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is most comparable to the monogastric stomach? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is the true stomach? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is the honeycomb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is in charge of sorting/sifting and regulating flow? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is called the paunch? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is bigger than all other components? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is the major site of microbial digestion? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is called polypleis? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach contracts and relaxes to grind things? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What part of the ruminant stomach is lined with columnar? |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of controlled vomiting |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What do microbials do?
x3 |
|
Definition
Digest things the host cannot
Synthesize B complex vitamins
Produce volatile fatty acids |
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Term
|
Definition
antioxidant
glutathion peroxidase rxns
integrity of cell membranes
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Calcification of soft tissues
Tetany
Death |
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Term
|
Definition
| needed for reaction of pyruvate -> acetyl co. A |
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Term
|
Definition
Vasodialation
Itching burning sensation
Fatty liver syndrome |
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Term
|
Definition
| synthesis of a compound of a compound of co-enzyme A |
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|
Term
Panothetic Acid
Deficiencies
x3 |
|
Definition
Goose stepping
Dermatitis
Fatty livers |
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Term
|
Definition
Transimerase rxn
Deaminase rxn
Decarboxylation rxn
Tryptophan metabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
Decrease in effectiveness of many diff hormones
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Refers to a chemical procedure used to separate the sample into parts or fractions
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|
Definition
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|
Term
Cyanocobalamine (B12)
Functions |
|
Definition
Isomerase rxn
Dehydrase rxn
Methianine rxn |
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|
Term
Cyanocobalamine (B12)
Deficencies
x2 |
|
Definition
Pernecious anemia
fatal progressive decrease in RBC
hogs: Ataxia of hind legs
chicks: Problems hatching |
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Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis of purine and pyrinidines |
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Term
|
Definition
Nervous system problems
Anemia
Causes production of fetal monstrosity |
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Term
|
Definition
Synthesis of aspartic acid
Fat synthesis
Catabolism |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Donor of methyl groups
Synthesis of methyl groups
(vitamin) |
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Term
|
Definition
Nervous system problems
Perosis |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
Development and maintenance of epithelial tissue
|
|
Definition
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|
Term
Calcification of soft tissues
(This one is asking for the vitamin) |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
calcification of soft tissues
tetany
death |
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|
Term
Synthesis of metabolic compound of FAD
|
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Itching burning sensation |
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Definition
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|
Term
A sample is weighed and then heated at 105C for 24 hours and then re-weighed
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|
Definition
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|
Term
A sample is weighed and then burned completely and then re-weighed
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|
Definition
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|
Term
| What two things does Ash calculate? |
|
Definition
Mineral material
Organic matter |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| A sample is treated with a chemical solution and then nitrogen is titrated |
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Definition
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Term
| Measures Fatty acids, triglicerides, fat soluble vitamins, anything of a "fat" nature |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A sample is treated with an alkaline and acidic solutions which digest fiber |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Measures sugars, water soluble vitamins, and mistakes |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What Van Soest forage evaluation accounts for protein, sugar, starch, and lipids? |
|
Definition
| Neutral detergent soluble |
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|
Term
| What Van Soest forage evaluation accounts for Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and silica? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What Van Soest forage evaluation technique accounts for cellulose, lignin and silica? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What Van Soest forage evaluation technique accounts for lignin and silica? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If the animal is neither gaining nor losing weight this is called _______? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are 3 factors that affect the value of feed? |
|
Definition
Species
Level of feeding
Feed processing |
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|
Term
What are the 10 essential amino acids?
PHILL V MATT |
|
Definition
Phenylalanine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Valine
Methionine
Argenine
Tryptophan
Threonine |
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|
Term
| What 4 methods do we use to prevent downgrading of protein? |
|
Definition
Heat treatment
Formaline treatment
Tannis treatment
Ruminal bypass |
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|
Term
| What are the 2 categories of minerals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the function of macrominerals?
x3 |
|
Definition
Structural component
Biochemical rxns
Acid/base balance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Structural component of bone
Muscle contraction
Nerve impulse transmission
Blood clotting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Structural component of bone
ATP
NADP |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Decreased growth and decreased reproduction
Pica |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Vasodialation
Tetany
convusions
death |
|
|
Term
| What would you suppliment to maximize wool growth? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Degeneration of kidney tubules
Heart lesion
Heart problems
Heart attack |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Absorption of Fe from the digestive system
Maintenace of the myelin sheath |
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|
Term
|
Definition
chicks: perosis
Mammals: Decreased reproduction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Integrety of cell membranes
Pancreatic lipase system
Cofactor in the glutathion peroxidase rxns |
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|
Term
|
Definition
White muscle disease
Chicks: exudative diathesis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
T/F
Older animals are less resistant to harm from saline water as young animals |
|
Definition
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|
Term
What are the ramifications of alkaline water?
x4 |
|
Definition
Animal won't drink alkaline water
Internal pH of digestive system is affected
Illness
Death |
|
|
Term
Ramifications with acidic water
x2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passing grain through a grinder is called _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grain is passed through a roller mill, this is called _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grain is exposed to steam for a short time (1-8 min) and then rolled, this is called _______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Factors that affect profit
x4 |
|
Definition
Death loss
Feed conversion
Average daily gain
Cost of grain |
|
|
Term
Factors that influence feed lot performance
x5 |
|
Definition
Genetic potential
Breed
Gender
Quality of ration ingredients
Health |
|
|
Term
| 4 key items to Range animal nutrition |
|
Definition
Energy
Phosphorus
Protein
Vitamin A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Decrease in affectiveness of many different hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's teachers favorite animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are carbonaceous concentrates low in? High in? |
|
Definition
Low in Fiber
High in Carbon content/Energy |
|
|
Term
| Grains percent of crude fiber? Crude protein? |
|
Definition
Crude fiber - 18%
Crude Protein - 20% |
|
|
Term
| What vitamin is unavailable in grains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has the highest crude protein of grains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has the highest crude protein of proteinaceous concentrats in meat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What has the highest crude protein proteinaceous concentrate of plant origin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 processing methods? How much fat % is left in each? |
|
Definition
Mechanical extraction - 5% fat left
Solvent extraction - 2% fat left |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of roughages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alfalfa
Dehydrated alfalfa meal
Clover |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Timothy hay
Bermuda grass
Fescue |
|
|
Term
| What is the process by which an organism injests and utilizes food material; a science of nourishment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the father of feeds and feeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is something that contains or conveys sustenance? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| To sustain with food is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proper amount of food within a 24 hour peroid is _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Digestion and balance trials measure how well an animal utilizes the diet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Feeding trails are used to evaluate food levels, additives, feed processing methods, etc |
|
Definition
False
Feeding trails are used to evaluate nutrient levels, additives, feed processing methods, etc |
|
|
Term
What are the functions of water in the body?
x6 |
|
Definition
Biochemical rxns
Nutrient transport
Waste transport
Body form
Body temperature regulation
Hearing |
|
|
Term
T/F
Vitamins are inorganic substances that are required in very large amounts for regulation of varius body processes |
|
Definition
False
Vitamins are organic substances that are required in very small amounts for regulation of various body processes |
|
|
Term
| What is the tongue the main prehensile structure for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the lip the main prehesile structure for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 salivary glands? |
|
Definition
Parotid
Sub lingual
Sub mandibular |
|
|
Term
What are the functions of saliva?
x3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the esophogus connect? |
|
Definition
| The mouth to the interior portion of the stomach; muscular tube |
|
|
Term
| What can stratify a ration in a self feeder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for eating fecal material? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main type of liquid feed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 high moisture feeds? |
|
Definition
Silages
Haylage
Fresh Forage |
|
|
Term
| How much percent dry matter is in Haylage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much percent dry matter is in silages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the percent moisture levels in fresh forage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three substitutions you can use for P? |
|
Definition
Sodium phosphate
Ammonium phosphate
Phosphoric acid |
|
|
Term
| What is the ratio you should put C to Urea in a food ration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 of the main substitutions of minerals? What is the least usable by the animal? Most? |
|
Definition
Oxide -> least usable
Carbonate
Sulfate -> most usable |
|
|
Term
| A feed is exposed to steam for 15-30 min then rolled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A feed is exposed to steam with ~50psi fro 1-2 min then rolled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Grain with 10-14% water is heated to ~700-800F for 15-30 seconds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passes over tapered screw as heat and pressure is applied |
|
Definition
|
|
