Term
| State Account and State-Use systems |
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Definition
-alternatives to contract labor
-inmate production was directed and supervised by prison officials, goods were sold on the open market and convicts received small share of the profit |
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Term
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Definition
| inmate could earn early release by hard work and good behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Conditions under which inmate was released- could be revoked if convict failed to live up to the conditions of his temporary release. |
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Term
| What do most of the problems with jails stem from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Self contained living areas
-12-24 inmates
-single rooms |
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Definition
-12 century England
-Gaols (Jails)
-Gaol birds (jail birds) |
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Term
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Definition
| Local facilities for the temporary detention of defendants awaiting trial or disposition on federal or state charges and of convicted offenders who have been sentenced to short term imprisonment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Correctional institutions maintained by the federal and state governments for the confinement of convicted felons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contractors assumed complete control over prisoners; including their maintenance and discipline |
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Term
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Definition
-mutilation, branding
-whipping and torture has been commonplace |
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Term
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Definition
1682- religious reformer and the founder of Pennsylvania, started jails
-quaker
-built first american penitentiary
-Silent System |
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Term
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Definition
Both a prison and a workhouse
-First american Penitentiary |
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Term
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Definition
Confinement in an isolated cell would give convict time to consider his wrong doings and ideally get him to repent.
-William Penn and the Quaker |
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Definition
Auburn Prison- 1823
Most economically sound program |
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Term
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Definition
labor of inmates was leased to an outside contractor, who furnished the machinery and raw materials and supervised the work
-Prison admin only responsibility was to guard the convicts |
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Term
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Definition
variation of contract system.
-contractor supplied raw material and received finished product paying prison specified amount for each unit produced. |
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Term
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Definition
| First american reformatory superintendent at Elmira Reformatory |
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Term
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Definition
Sing Sing, Attica, San Quentin, Leavenworth, Joliet
-These were reserved for the most serious criminals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Constructed back to back with corridors running along the outside shell of the cell house. |
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Term
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Definition
| numerous advantages over more traditional convectional facilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| process through which the educational, vocational, treatment and custodial needs of the offender are determined |
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Term
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Definition
| (diagnostic center) is a central receiving institutions where all felony offenders sentenced to a term of imprisonment are committed for orientation and classification |
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Term
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Definition
Promoted as a means of reducing same-gender sexual contact.
-inmate and spouse are permitted to spend time together in private on prison grounds |
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Term
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Definition
| internalization of the prison norms and values |
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Term
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Definition
informal rules in prison
1.) dont interfere with interests of others
2.) keep out of quarrels/feuds
3.) dont exploit other inmates
4.)dont be a suck up |
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Term
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Definition
(Victorious habeas petitioners)
Can win a court order directing prison officials to improve conditions or to stop enforcing unlawful policies |
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Term
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Definition
| Dealt with legal rights of prisoners |
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Term
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Definition
| Most severe disability is the loss of all civil rights |
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Term
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Definition
| Situations in which inmates are confined to their cells around the clock |
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Term
| Privatization of correctness |
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Definition
| the construction, staffing and operation of prison by private companies for profit |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the removal of offenders from the application of the criminal law at any state of police and court processes |
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Term
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Definition
| Sentence of conditional release into community |
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Term
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Definition
| Supervision of the offender with a set of specified criteria and goals - can be revoked at the pleasure of the courts |
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Term
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Definition
| Requiring offenders to compensate their victims for damages/stolen property or donate their time to community service |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows judges to incarcerate an offender for a brief part of sentence, suspend the remainder of the sentence and place him or her on probation. |
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Term
| Intensive Probation Supervision |
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Definition
| Program of closer surveillance and more exhaustive services that place probationer under tighter controls |
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Term
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Definition
| allows offenders to serve final portion of sentence in the community |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the estimate of the probability of violation or nonviolation of parole on bases of experience tables that have been developed with regard to groups of offenders possessing similar characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of days deducted from a sentence because of good behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Release as a matter of law |
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Term
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Definition
| Discharged from parole; "max out" date on which their full sentence formally ends. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the removal of offenders from the application of the criminal law at any stage of police and court processes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Abandoned Ship in which extra prisoners were put on
1500-1800 English |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -Emphasized need to restore an offender to a constructive place in society through some form of vocational or educational training or therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not many women in jail because men feel bad throwing them in |
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Term
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Definition
Auburn jail
required to be quiet and work in congregate conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
-believed rehabilitation was the best purpose for institutions
-believed social, biological, and psychological conditions led to offender's devience
-advocated indeterminate sentencing (judge determines min/max terms of imprisonment)
-Elmira reformatory in NY was one of the first to employ this approach |
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Term
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Definition
| Keeping criminals for life and throwing them into jail |
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Term
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Definition
Much less violent than men
Vocational focus more on women's duties: cooking cleaning etc.
Allowed to visit their children |
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Term
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Definition
-hold inmates sentenced to short terms
-receive indivuals pending arraignment and to await trail conviction or sentening
-readmit probation,parole. and bail bond violators and absconders
-temporarily detain juveniles, the mentally ill and others pending transfer to appropate facilitees.
-jails usually understaffed and underpaid, not designed/intended for treatment |
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Term
| Prison Inmate Characteristics |
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Definition
Deprivation model- culture emerges in prison because of identity and dignity los
Importation model- inmates bring their cultures with them to prison |
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Term
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Definition
| institutions which operate without armed guards, without walls, and sometimes even without perimeter fences. |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduce the basic pattern of a maximum security prison, somewhat less emphasis on internal fortification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Walled fortresses of concrete and steel and house the most aggressive offenders. |
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Term
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Definition
| high custody housing within a secure institution that isolates inmates from the general prison population |
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Term
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Definition
Hierarchy that limits power
Commissioner
Warden
Deputy Warden |
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Term
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Definition
Benefit for benefit.
Example: Sexual favors for protection |
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Term
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Definition
treatment program-attempt to remove alleged defects in social and psychological development
academic and vocational program- provide inmates with skill for employment after release
recreational programs-medical, humanitarian, social psychological (cure depression)
work programs- serve needs but help economic function
medical program
religious program |
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Term
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Definition
| Places that furnish barriers to social interchange with the world at large |
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Term
| Characteristics of Women in Prison |
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Definition
| much less violent than men |
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Term
| Social Structure of Women's Prison |
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Definition
Cottage System-more freedom with more security checks
squares- first time prisoners
professionals-view prison as getting in the way of their career. Shoplifters
repeat offenders- prostitutes, working since teen years
custodial staff- values similar to those in mens institutions |
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Term
| Causes and Characteristics of Violence in Prisons |
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Definition
| Breaking the inmate code can cause violence and death |
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Term
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Definition
| The refusal of the courts to hear inmate complaints about the conditions of incarceration and the constitutional deprivations of penitentiary life. |
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Term
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Definition
| a test in which opposing rights, interests, or policies are assigned a degree or level of importance and the ruling of the court is determined by which is considered greater |
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Term
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Definition
"you should have the body"
A writ issued by a court commanding the person who holds another in captivity to produce the prisoner in court so that the legality of the prisoners confinement can be adjudicated.
Basically, the person seeking relief is challenging the lawfulness of his or her confinement. |
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Term
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Definition
| lawyers are permitted and encouraged to work with volunteer law student ands paralegal usually in the supervision of an attorney to provide legal advice to an inmate. |
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Term
| Ruffin V. Commonwealth (1871) |
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Definition
| inmates are considered slaves of the state and therefore have no legal rights |
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Term
| Procunier V. Martinez (1974) |
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Definition
| dealt with the broader issue of censorship of nonlegal correspondence. |
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Term
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Definition
| the supreme court ruling that unless a state provides some reasonable legal assistance to inmates seeking postconviction relief, a jailhouse lawyer must be permitted to aid inmates in filing habeas corpus petitions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Extent of the Use of Probation |
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Definition
| Used if the nature of the crime is not that bad to prevent the person who did little wrong from becoming an ex-con. |
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Term
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Definition
| Considered the first probation officer. Saved a man from corrections by helping aiding him in becoming a sober man. |
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Term
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Definition
Defendants must abide by probationary rules.
Special conditions may be imposed (random searches etc.)
Small monthly fee for services |
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Term
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Definition
Reform conditions- comply with the laws, maintain employment, refrain from drugs
Control conditions-report to officer, cooperate with officer, get permission to move or change job |
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Term
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Definition
| Parole Board- must command respect, no reference to color, creed or political affiliation, must understand the situations of offenders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Considered the live ones in the triage, the simple ones. |
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Term
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Definition
| Considered dead in the triage, impossible to save and pointless to waste ones time on. |
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Term
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Definition
French for thirds
1. Dead
2. Might be able to save
3. live |
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Term
| Probation/Parole Violations |
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Definition
| Not meeting with your probation/parole officer. |
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Term
| Legal V Technical Probation Violations |
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Definition
Breaking rules such as not meeting with officer/not following the rules given to you.
Only the court has the authority to revoke probation |
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Term
| Probation/Parole Revocation |
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Definition
| parole/probation can be revoked if you break a rule |
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Term
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Definition
| describe the effects of providing alternatives to incarceration or diversion programs to direct offenders away from court. |
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Term
| Gagnon V. Scarpelli (1973) |
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Definition
| the supreme court ruling that the holding in Morrissey v. Brewer also applies to probationers and that neither probationers nor parolees are entitled to counsel as a matter of right at revocation hearings |
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Term
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Definition
| the supreme court ruling that the right to counsel applies to state probation revocation hearings at which deferred sentence may be imposed |
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Term
| Morrisey V. Brewer (1972) |
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Definition
| the supreme court ruling that a parolee facing revocation is entitled to both a preliminary hearing to determine whether he or she actually violated parole and a final hearing to consider not only the facts in question but also if there was a violation, what to do about it |
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Term
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Definition
NORFOLK ISLAND
"father of parole"
established a mark system where an inmate could earn early release through hard work and good behavior |
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Term
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Definition
IRISH
refinement of Maconochie where inmates could earn a ticket of leave. |
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Term
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Definition
Mandatory Release-release as a matter of law
Discretionary Release-release on parole under watch of an officer
Unconditional Release- release under no supervision |
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Term
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Definition
| Presumptive parole date- may be release prior to designated time because the parole board trusts they will not cause any problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Authorized unescorted absence from a correctional institution for a specific period |
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Term
| Privatization of Corrections |
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Definition
| the construction, staffing, and operation of prisons by private companies for profit |
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