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how do the particles in a gas compare with the particles in a liquid and solid? |
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they are farther apart and have higher energy |
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physical and chemical changes that occur at equal rates |
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how does atmospheric pressure compare with the particles in a liquid and solid? |
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increase pressure, increase BP; decrease pressue, decrease BP |
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what would happen if water was nonpolar? |
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it would be a gas at room temp. |
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conditions that define an ideal gas (temp. & pressure) |
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volume and temp, DIRECTLY proportional |
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volume and pressure, INVERSELY proportional |
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pressure and temp, INVERSELY proportional |
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conversion factor between atm and mmHg |
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At STP, what is the conversion from moles to liters for a gas? |
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what must a solution contain to be able to conduct electricity? |
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3 factors that increase the rate of dissolution |
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temperature, agitation, particle size |
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does not dissolve in water |
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what color is litmus paper with an acid? |
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what color is litmus paper with a base? |
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what the base forms after it gains a proton |
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what the acid forms after it loses a proton |
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acid-conjugate base pair HCl + H2O > H3O+ +Cl- |
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base-conjugate acid pair HCl + H2O > H3O+ +Cl- |
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acid-conjugate base pair NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH- |
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base-conjugate acid pair NH3 + H2O > NH4+ + OH- |
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a reaction of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions to form water molecules and a salt |
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hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations for BASIC solution |
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hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations for ACIDIC solution |
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the sum of delta H's for given reactions |
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delta G=delta H-T delta S |
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delta G=delta H-T delta S |
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disorder, gases are most disordered |
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when is entropy positive? |
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gas is formed in the products |
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when is entropy negative? |
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solid is formed in the products |
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when is a reaction spontaneous? |
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when is a reaction nonspontaneous? |
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minimum energy required for an effective collision |
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lowers the activation energy |
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