Fuseli

The Nightmare

Romanticism

-depicts Incubus from Swiss legend

-has 2 aspects-demonic creature sitting on chest of virgin while she sleeps/nightmares or he is having intercourse with her while she sleeps

-red=passion/death, woman looks almost dead in white=purity

-celebrated intensity and freedom of expression

Ingres

Grand Odalisque

Romanticism

-Neoclassical style (crisp) but Romanticism period

-depicts female sex slave-viewer becomes voyere

-includes exotic collected objects, painted for Napoleon

-vibrant color, interest in line

Gros

Napoleon in the House at Jaffa

Romanticism

-history painting

-depicts Napoleon visiting patients he confined to plague houses-made to improve image/propaganda

-shown Christ-like and idealized (tall and thin)

-dramatic people in foreground/death-2 months after visiting he had them killed

Gericault

The Raft of Medusa

Romanticism

-dramatic history painting

-depicts wreck of french ship called Medusa that wrecked in shallow water, lower class left to fend for themselves

-anti-government statement

-extreme physical bodies, artist made sketches of severed hands and feet to make painting

-threatening waves and sky shows natural threat to humanity

Turner

Snowstorm

Romanticism

-precursor to impressionism

-depicts Hannibal and his army crossing the Alps

-sublime history painting

-threatening sky/romantic landscape

Friedrich

Monk by the Sea

Romanticism

-monk is lone figure in an expansive and overwhelming atmosphere

-contemplation of life through nature-inward gaze

Goya

Saturn Devouring His Children

Romanticism

-depicts Saturn eating offspring-Zeus (6th child) overthrew him

-Raya (mother) hid Zeus from Saturn

-based on imagination-monstrous, demonic and threatening

-freedom and individuality

Goya

The Third of May

Romanticism

-depicts horrors of war-Napoleonic Wars

-shows days after 5000 Spanish civilians executed

-expressive victims, death in foreground, blood flowing

-heroic victim in white and yellow with arms outstretched, accepting fate

-not accurate proportions-emotion more important

Courbet

The Stone Breakers

French Realism

-felt Romanticism merely an escape from reality

-focussed on direct experience of working lower class

-"I cannot paint an angel because I have never seen one"

-actual, annonymous men posed in studio-identifyable

-exhibited at Salon-moral to painting/radical for time

Daumier

Rue Transnonain

French Realism

-lithograph depicting actual event-anti-governement, political statement

-King Louis Philpe issues limit to expression, increased censorship-violence errupted-retaliators ransacked and killed innocent families

Eakins

Gross Clinic

Realism In America

-most significant 19th century painting

-women shown weak and small-Eakins hunched in crowd drawing scene

-depicts Dr. Samuel Gross demonstrating surgery-controversial due to blood on hands-prudish American viewers

Homer

Snap The Whip

Realism in America

-disturbed by violence he witnessed in war Homer longer for quiet lifestyle

-depicts moment of play, little red school house dying out/nostalgia

-Homer often searched of connections

Washington

John Brown

Photography

-Brown was an abolitionist-Washington was 1st black photographer in America

-depicts Brown taking vow for cause

-overexosure created blue tint in flag

Bayard

Self-portrait as a Drowned Man

Photography

-produced positive on paper instead of plate

-Bayard infuriated by governments support of Daguerre-feigning death by suicide to question truth to reality-challenge idea that photography is true

O'Sullivan

A Harvest of Death

Photography

-depicts Gettysburg, PA-not many dead soldier photos

-moved bodies to present more compelling composition

-1st war photographs for Americans-shocking and horrific for viewers

Riis

Five Cents a Spot

Photography

-published in "How the other half lives"

-showed terrible and cramped living conditions

-!st flash photograph

Manet

Luncheon on the Grass

Impressionism

-rejected from French Salon-shows nude woman with 2 clothed men-unusual

-food on the ground begs question "who is for lunch?"

-more flattened style-not a lot of shading

Manet

Olympia

Impressionism

-nude that was acceptable at Salon

-wearing shows and accessories-more naked in context?

-staring directly at viewer-confrontational/aware/powerful

-flat/2 dimensional

Manet

A Bar at the Folies-Bergere

Impressionism

-agitated woman at center-barmaid-working class

-reflection looks different-woman a little wider-audience behind, performance above

-vibrant and lively

-2 different realities-reflection of lively scene and womans reality

Degas

The Orchestra of the Paris Opera

Impressionism

-3 zones in patining-top dancers/impressionistic, middle-academic realism/lifelike, and 3rd zone abstract and awkward

Monet

Les Grands Boulevard, Paris

Impressionism

-depicts fashionable street in Paris, bustling movement

-winter colors, blues and greens

-sense of characteristics of people

Cassatt

The Bath

Impressionism

-influenced by Japanisme

-diagonal composition, flat background, no shading

-typical subject, woman tending child

Cezanne

Still Life with Plaster Cupid

Post-Impressionism

-Baroque cupid with apples and onions-don't go together

-challenged perspective-apple in back same size as front

-tilted lines/planes

-placed complimentary colors to emphasize feelings/anxiety

Seurat

A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grand Jatte

Post-Impressionism

-depicts upper middle class in leisure park

-vibrant, lively colors

-subtle satire, sinking ship, man playing trumpet

-stiff with lively animals, no interactions between figures

Van Gogh

Night Cafe

Expressionism

-thought painting was ugliest he'd ever created

-tilted perspective, large section of yello, increased anxiety

-Night Cafe-place not to be seen

Gauguin

The Yellow Christ

Expressionism

-Gauguin had stable life til crash of stock market-left family to live among peasant families

-felt industrial society forced people into incomplete life dedicated to material gain

-2 dimensional primitivism, purely expressing emotion/feeling/observations

-stark colors, self portrait, small in size-more personal

-yellow symbolized spiritual awakening

Redon

The Marsh Flower, a Sad Human Face

Expressionism

-void of color, Redon depressed throughout life-influenced by Darwin

-argued all life forms came from 1 source-plant form growing from the sea

-seeds form into skulls, light glowing from within/haunting, white faced clown

Munch

The Scream

Expressionism

-figure could be Munch's reaction to experiences, alienation/human misery

-nature screaming against industrialization

-common themes=death, life, love, loss and sadness

Rodin

Burghers of Calais

Expressionism

-most sought after sculpter of time, also sculpted "The Thinker"

-life size, represents event from 100 yr war-King of England offered to spare citizens if they sacraficed 6 people-men spared by queen

-heroic men, desperation and anguish, was placed closed to ground for connection to viewer

Toulouse-Lautrec

Au Moulin Rouge

Art Nouveau

-identified with seedier types of women

-vubrant, un-natural lighting

-woman in heavy makeup

-unconventional diagonal, obscurred view

Horta

Stairway, Tassel House

Art Nouveau

-designed house for goemetry professor

-1st full expression of Art Nouveau

-flowing forms, spiral

-mosaics on floor match designs on wall

Klimt

The Kiss

Art Nouveau

-jewish artist influenced by Art Nouveau

-affected by Nazis

-egyptian art, mosaics, vibrant colors, gold metalics

-shows connection between man and woman-feet dangling of cliff=uncertainty

Matisse

Woman with the Hat

Fauvism

-greatist colorist in 20th century-expressive and experimented with colors

-portrait of wife, warms next to cools

-flattened view of woman, not naturalistic

Derain

Mountains at Collioure

Fauvism

-showed depth through pallete-arbitrary colors

-influenced by Van Gogh

-called colors "sticks of dynomite"

-deliberate disharmonies

Picasso

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

Cubism

-pre-cubism depicts red light district

-angular women some gazing straight at viewer

-obsessed with not contracting syphilis-could represent protection

-most important painting of 20th century

Braque

The Portuguese

Cubism

-analytic cubism-analyzing object from all sides

-musician at The Grand Ball

-stenciled letters flatten out painting

Picasso

Guitar, Sheet Music, Wine Glass

Cubism

-synthetic cubism-abstracted forms have little representational value until they are combined into composition

-collage

-anti-war and art statement

Boccioni

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space

Futurism

-futurism-promoted masculine experiences of warfare and reckless speed-power of modern technology

-depicts nude male walking in space-idea of space moving around figure-waves/oxygen moving with man

Kirchner

Street, Dresden

German Expressionism

-helped found Die Brucke (the Bridges)-German Experssionism type-carries expressionist and social emphasis

-looming/hountin vibrant

-woman walking toward viewer-artist felt isolated

Kandinsky

Composition VII

German Expressionism

-part of Der Blaue Reiter (the Blue Rider)-phase of German Expressionism-painting should objectify inner state through form and color relationship

-blue/yellow tension

-color and paint to music connected-rhythm

-violent-meaning in color and line

Hartley

Portrait of a German Officer

German Expressionism

-most known painting during WWI-memorial to friend and lover Karl von Freyburg who died during war

-patterns relate to national flags-many hidden meanings to refernece Karl and relationship

-part of Hartley's war motif series

Duchamp

Fountain

Dada

-Dada-cultural movement during WWI-1st generation of new media artists-anti-war movement-strove to have no meaning

-porcelain urinal purchased and rotated 90 degrees and placed on a pedistal and submitted under a false name to Society of Independant Artists exhibition

Duchamp felt superior to American artists-satire, wanted art seen differently-rejected at exhibition

Duchamp

L.H.O.O.Q.

Dada

-postcard of Mona Lisa purchased and altered with mustache and goatee

-suggested postcard when altered by artist can be called a work of art-"ready-made"

-questions significance of Mona Lisa-defacing satire

Heartfield

Have no Fear-He's a Vegetarian

Dada

-made Hitler's political rise the target of his artistic outlet

-took pro-Nazi propaganda and changed them to anit-Hitler

-message-France thinks they're safe from Hitler

Miro

Composition

Surrealism

-Surrealism-inspired by theories of Freud and psychoanalysis-reality can be understood only through unconscious-free association

-Spanish painter-fascinated by childrens artwork

-spontanious and expressive

-automatism-freeing self from conscious control-no moral or asthetic boundaries

Dali

The Persistance of Memory

Surrealism

-felt birth was earliest experience of rejection-brother had died, was named the same-replacement for brother?

-limp clocks, ants and dead tree-death

-possibly phallic shape in foreground was self-portrait

-had fear of impotence-his paintings came from dreams

De Kooning

Woman I

Abstract Expressionism

-Abstract Expressionism-influenced by Surrealism-automatic or subconscious creation-"all over" approach

-took 2 years to complete-violent paint application-process of doing and undoing work

-possibly painted from frustration with wife's adultry

-painted "irritation" in the woman series

Pollock

Autumn Rhythm

Abstract Expressionism

-drip painting-influences by Chinese writing and figural sketches

-used house paint and canvass on floor

-spontanious and conscious decisions together

Warhol

Coca Cola Bottles

Pop Art

-Pop Art-themes and techniques drawn from mass culture, advertising and comic bookd-opposed to elitist culture in art

-iconic image mass produced

-called studio a "factory assembly line"

-combined low and high art