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| one with a nucelus and organelles |
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| The job of the lysosome is to... |
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| clean up and recycle things in the cell |
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| These 3 things do not require energy |
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| Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
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| Like opening a perfume bottle or people leaving a bears game |
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| high concentration to low concentration (where they are less crowded) (requires cell energy) |
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| There is more __________ outside the cell than inside the cell. |
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| The_______ of the cell has a ______ charge. |
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| By allowing sodium back into the cell we can... |
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| excite muscle and nerve cells. |
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| _________ tissues are found on body surfaces and lining many structures. |
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| This epithelial tissue lines our lungs |
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| This epithelial tissue lines our kidney tubules |
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| This epithelial tissue forms our skin epidermis |
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| Fat, tandons, hyaline cartilage and compact bone are examples of... |
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| Connective tissues help us... |
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| hormones, wastes, proteins and antibodies |
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| The most numerous of the blood cells are |
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| Erythrocytes contain _______ that helps tansport ___________. |
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| These three phagocytes work to "eat" foreign materials... |
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| Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils |
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| B cells are important in _______ production. |
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| T lymphocytes job is to... |
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| monitor for tumor and viral problems. |
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| Basophils and Eosinophils are........ |
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| Like neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils have _______ in the cell. |
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| Basophils and eosinophils are often involved with... |
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| _______ are cell fragments that plug a leak. |
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| Many _______ work together to produce a ________ net to stabilize a clot. |
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| The key proteins needed for clotting are made in the.... |
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| ______ helps break up a clot. |
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| Plasmin can be helpful for... |
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| early stages of a heart attack. |
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| Red cells can display ______ or a _______. |
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| an A antigen or a B antigen |
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| Most of of has neither on our red cells and are termed... |
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| ________ blood can be considered a universal donor. |
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| Bone building cells are called... |
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| Bone cells which chew up bone are called... |
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| ________ are constantly reshaping our bones. |
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| ______ bones retain the ability to grow in length. |
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| Why do long bones retain the ability to grow in length? |
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| the growth plates made of hyaline cartilage do not clacify until our late teens. |
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| _____ bone forms from the framework in the core of our bones. |
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| The tiny beams are called... |
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| Between the trabeculae we find the ______ producing cells of our _____ ______. |
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| blood producing cells of our bone marrow. |
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| The shoulder joint involves the ___________________ and the ________ of the __________. |
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| head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula. |
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| The ______ strengthens the shoulder joint. |
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| The muscles of the rotator cuff are... |
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| supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. |
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| The knee joint is stabilized by_____ rather than muscles and their tendons. |
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| The ________ ligaments keep anterior and posterior motion in check. (femur stays in place over tibia) |
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| The _____ & _______ _______ ligaments keep side to side motion in check. |
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| medial and lateral collateral |
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| the shoulder and knee are examples of mobile joints we call... |
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| These joints are characterized by having a fluid secreting membrane lining the joint... |
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| The working unit of a muscle is known as a |
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| Myosin is associated with |
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| As thick and thin filaments increase their degree of overlap, the muscle.... |
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| What regulates the rowing of thick and thin filaments? |
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| Troponin and tropomyosin are found on... |
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| thick filaments and overlap areas |
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| muscle oxygen storage molecule |
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| our immune system is divided up into |
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| Nonspecific responders include _______ and the _______ system. |
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| Phagocytes and the complement system. |
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| Specific responders are the .. |
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| Cell surfaces have markers which identify a cell as "self". We call these... |
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| What are MHC antigens important for? |
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| important to match in transplant procedures |
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| Antibodies made by excited B lymphocytes are called... |
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| Antibodies that are made first |
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| Antibodies that are made later and last for a longer time. |
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| An attempt to stimulate antibody production and to "teach" lymphocytes is called a |
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| The upper airway is protected by the |
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| The trachea or wind pipe leads to the |
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| The two main bronchial tubes lead air to gas exchange areas called |
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| Gases are exchanged with blood by |
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| The chest and lungs are lined by friction reducing membranes called the |
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| The heart has ___ chambers |
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| The upper receiving chambers are the |
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| right and left atriums or just atria |
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| The pumping chambers are called |
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| The right heart contains poorly... |
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| the left heart contains well... |
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| The tricuspid valve is on the... entry or exit? |
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| right side of the heart. entry |
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| the mitral valve (bicuspid) is on the...entry or exit? |
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| left side of the heart. entry. |
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| The pulmonic valve is on the |
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| right side of the heart. exit. |
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| the aortic valve is on the |
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| Heart sounds are related to |
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| The first sound the heart makes is the |
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| The second sound the heart makes is the |
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| The heart recieves it's own blood supply via the |
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| These vessels are blocked in a heart attack |
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| The heart muscle is known as the |
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| The electrical system of the heart consists of the |
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| SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers |
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| excitation is delayed before entering ventricles |
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| the P wave on an EKG records |
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| the ventricular excitation |
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| The blood in arteries is usually well |
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| The pulmonary artery going to the lungs from the right ventricle and the umbillical arteries headed to the placenta are... |
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| What's thicker? Arteries or veins? |
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| Elastic Recoil allows us to... |
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| maintain diastolic pressure as he heart rests |
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| The lower esophageal sphincter is at the |
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| The pyloric sphincter is at the |
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| What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? |
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| What are the 5 parts of the large intestine? |
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| cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon |
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| The cecum is on the ______ with the appendix |
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| The liver, pancreas, and gall bladder contribute to |
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| Hormones or chemical messengers that stimulate accessory organs. |
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| Secretin and CCK are made by the |
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| How do bile and digestive enzymes enter the duodenum? |
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| The head of the pancreas is near the |
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| the tail of the pancreas is near the |
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| The liver has ____ key blood supplies. |
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| What vein enters the liver carrying food from the intestines? |
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| The _____ artery comes to the liver from the celiac artery. |
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| Blood leaves the liver lobule out what vein? |
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| What is it called where the blood vessel branches and bile ducts form a triad at the corners of each liver lobule? |
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| What is a viral infection we acquire by ingesting food and water? |
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| What viral infections can we acquire from blood exposure? |
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| Which forms of hepatitis do we have vaccines for? |
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| The nervous system has a key cell called the |
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| The neuron has _______ that recieve information |
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| The neuron has a single sending arm called |
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| _________ are often insulated with myelin |
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| There are ______ pairs of spinal nerves. |
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| There are ______ pairs of cranial nerves. |
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| Spinal nerves allow ______ info to enter cord. |
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| Sensory info enters the cord via the |
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| ________ info leaves the cord by the anterior spinal root. |
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| Information in the spinal cord travels in the ______ matter or the periphery |
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| The central ______ matter processes info and is the location of _____ cell bodies and nuclei. |
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| grey matter & neuron cell bodies |
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| Most _____ info crosses in the cord or medulla. |
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| Cranial nerve #2 (Visions) |
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| Cranial nerve #5 (Face Sensations) |
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| Cranial nerve #7 (Face Movement) |
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| Cranial nerve #8 (Hearing and balance) |
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| Cranial Nerve #11 (Shoulder Shrug) |
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| cranial nerve #12 (tongue movement) |
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| The motor strip is in the ____ lobe |
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| The sensory strip is in the _____ lobe |
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| Hearing and occipital vision is managed in the ______ lobe |
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| The _____ connects with the pituitary. |
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| The _____ and _____ manage basic functions like the heart and breathing. |
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| The ______ coordinates motor acticity |
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| Neurons are supported by _____ cells |
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| Neurons negotiate gaps called ____ to communicate. |
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| __________ cross the synapses in neurons. |
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| Parkinson's disease is due to decreased _______ |
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| Altzheimer's is associated with decreased ______ |
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| Depression is associated with decreased ________ |
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| The ____ helps the lens to focus the image. |
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| The ____ can be reshaped by lasik surgery |
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| The ____ is the inner eye layer |
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| _____ and ____ are the photo receptors |
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| The cones manage ____ vision |
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| The cones are highly concentrated in the ______ |
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| The _______ is due to the optic nerve exiting the vessels. |
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| The Sclera and middle choroid are layers of the... |
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| The ____ can adjust pupil size |
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| The lens of the eye is attached to the _____ muscle |
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| another name for eardrum is |
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| The middle ear has the..... |
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| Malleus, incus, and Stapes |
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| The Malleus, incus and stapes convey vibrations to the |
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| The cochlea receives vibrations and send them to the ____ cranial nerve |
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| The _______ canals and _____ are invloved with balance |
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| semicircular canals and vestibule |
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| Middle ear pressures are regulated by the auditory tube that connects with the |
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| what are the kidneys three major regions? |
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| The outer cortex, middle medulla, and inner pelvis |
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| where are the pyramids found in the kidney? |
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| The ____ carry urine to the bladder |
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| the _____ allows urine to exit the bladder |
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| a filtering unit, PCT, Loop, DCT. |
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| The filtering unit in the nephron contains the ____ and _____________ |
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| the glomerulus and bowman's capsule |
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| Things that enter the filter |
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| water, electrolytes, and glucose |
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| The things that enter the filter are reabsorbed in the ___ and placed back in ______ |
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Definition
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| Erythropoietin can stimulate... |
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Definition
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| Renin can cause the adrenal secretion of aldosterone to _______ blood pressure |
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Definition
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| ________ and _______ are produced by the kidney as hormones |
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Definition
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| what are the kidneys three major regions? |
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Definition
| The outer cortex, middle medulla, and inner pelvis |
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| The ____ carry urine to the bladder |
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Definition
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| the _____ allows urine to exit the bladder |
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Definition
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| The _____ has a filtering unit |
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Definition
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Definition
| the glomerulus, bowmans capsule, PCT, loop DCT. |
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| things that enter the filter in the nephron are |
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Definition
| water, electrolytes, and glucose |
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| The small things that enter the filter are reabsorbed in the_____ and placed back in _____ |
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Definition
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| _____ can stiumlate blood cell production |
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Definition
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| ______can cause the adrenal secretion to _______ blood presuure |
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| _____ and ______ are produced by the kidney as hormones. |
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| Endocrine glands lack ____ |
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| Hormones in the endocrine system travel via.. |
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| The pituitary is ____ to the optic chiasm |
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| The thyroid is ____ to the larynx |
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Definition
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| the pancreas is ____ to the stomach |
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Definition
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| the adrenal is ____ to the kidney |
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Definition
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| the parathyroids are ______ to the thyroid |
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Definition
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| TSH,FSH,LH,ACTH,GH and prolactin are __________ pituitary hormones |
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Definition
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| ADH and oxytocin are _____ pituitary hormones |
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| The thyroid secretes _____ to control metabolism |
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Definition
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| The thyroid secretes _____ to lower blood calcium levels |
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Definition
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| The _____ can raise blood calcium levels |
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| the _____ secretes cortisol, sex hormones, and aldosterone |
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Definition
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| the ______ secretes adrenalin |
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| The pancreas islet cells makes _____ to lower blood sugar and ____ to raise it |
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