- street in Paris

- Goya-esque

- quiet aftermath

- unidealized

- rough pictorial manner

- Barbizon School

- Socialist art; response to Neoclassicism

- inappropriate for Grand Salon

- strike of 1848

- class stratification

- "art treatment"

- monumental figures (Michelangelo)

- biblical sensibility

- "Show me an angel and I'll paint one"

- death of history painting

- working poor as subject matter

- presented w/ directness and accuracy

- stages of life

- issue of labor as a national concern

- painting as a pictorial construction

- Revolution of 1848

- unidealized woman

- family unit

- Charles Baudelaire (The Flowers of Reason)

- working class; ethnic differences

- artist is fulcrum

- story about Giotto

- Salon de' Refusée

- two women (one is nude) and two clothed men

- seated nude is Victorine Meurend

- nude is unidealized, unabashed

- typical mythologized role of women is absent

- fruit basket

- synthesis and critique of history of painting

- rendered figures in soft focus

- photography? flattens forms, gives them snapping presence

- "the anxiety of influence"

- used art to call attention to art

- contemporaneous subject matter

- objects bracket her body and give us a real focal point

- 3 principal figures

- looks at audience with indifference

- moral depravity, inferiority, animalistic sexuality

- racial divisions

- cat suggests a body in heat

- Titian's "Venus of Urbino"

- brush strokes are rougher

- divorced from patrons as well as viewer

- arbitrary fragment of a larger visual field

- frame within a frame

- delivers more than we're supposed to percieve

- strokes blurred, roughly applied

- impossible to reconcile spatial relationships

- repudiation of notion of painting as reflection

- gender dynamic

- color theory

- process

- Manet's successor

- crowded Parisian dance hall

- floating/fleeting Impressionist light

- moment of bourgeois leisure

- suggested continuity of space

- pointilism

- image becomes totally comprehensible only from a distance

- Impressionist recreational themes

- strangely rigid

- more about composition than observation

- Poisson

- additive color

- simultaneous contrast

- reiterating profile of female form, parasol, and cylindrical forms of figures = create flat patterns/suggest spatial depth

- some figures confront us

- pronounced horizontals

- working-class destination

- Paris's rapidly growing industrial suburbs = recognition of shifting social/class relationships

- Sunday best

- sought to order the planes, lines, and colors that comprised nature

- Poisson

- horizon line pushed up

- grid

- contrast of cool and warm

- visible brushstrokes

- looking both above and beneath

- no distinctions between real and virtual

- either a sketch of Cupid or a sculpture of a kneeling figure

- what constitutes a painting?

- art becomes means of clarifying desire

- subjective expressionism

- primitivism

- moved to Pont-Aven in 1886

- roadsite Breton shrines

- departure from optical realism

- emphasis on faith of women; shrinks Jacob and the angel to the size of fighting cocks

- post-high mass entertainment

- unmodulated color

- flattens space

- Japanese prints, stained glass, cloisonne metalwork

- anthropological interest

- evokes Titian (and Manet)--projection of European man on non-European culture

- acknowledging previous generations

- stepping outside of culture

- relocation to Arles

- art as means of communicating experience

- oppressive

- proprietor rises like a specter

- table seems to slide out of painting

- vivid hues = "madness"

- expressiveness of paint application

- Saint-Paul-de-Mausole

- vastness of universe

- direct linkage between us and heaven

- transcendentalism

- corresponds w/his view at the asylum

- blue = pervasive depression

- gateweay to Expressionism

- Fauvism meant "wild beast"

- desire for idyllic landscape

- escapism (Watteau, Gauguin, Poisson)

- knowledge was inadequate when it came to religion

- mask-like faces (South Pacific/Africa)

- complete abstraction

- theosophy

- "Concerning The Spiritual In Art," 1928

- Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

- color as emotional experience

- began as "Philosophical Bordello"

- prostitution as modern sexuality

- the space, entwined w/ the bodies, is illegible

- tension

- 3 women on left = ancient Iberian sculpture

- 2 women on right = African sculpture

- primitivism

- recalls Rococo

- bodies are treated as geometric forms

- can be seen from more than one place

- female body can stand for art in general

- Analytic Cubism

- music as great working metaphor

- body in geometric units

- we are always moving, so what are we supposed to capture?

- giving us more information

- Analytic Cubism

- brown tones

- viewer must work

- solid forms emerge only to be canceled out

- tension between representation and abstraction

- shallow pictorial space

- Synthetic Cubism

- challenges viewer's understanding of reality

- the fact that the painted abstract areas imitate nothing makes them more "real" than the photographically replicated caning

- rope frame

- "JOU"

- absinthe

- intersection of two- and three-dimensionality

- allowed viewer to examine both interior and exterior space

- eyes on masks from Ivory Coast

- l'assemblage

- "unworthy" material

- De Stijl ("the style") = Neoplasticism

- all art has two goals: universal beauty and aesthetic expression of oneself

- three primary colors linked to spiritual ascent

- nonobjectivity

- limited color vocabulary

- grid of intersecting vertical and horizontal lines

- 1917 Russian Revolution

- "functional art"
- commissioned by Dept of Artistic Work of the People's Commissariat for Englightenment

- would have been 1300 ft tall in the center of Moscow as a propaganda/news center for the Soviets

- visual reinforcement of a social and political reality

- reductive geometry of design

- Stalin thought radical art was synonymous with bourgeoise

- "readymade" sculpture

- the participant gets to decide if it's a work of art

- "R Mutt"

- forces viewer to see object in new light

- more about intellect

- all art, at the end of the day, is like plumbing

- refuses biography

- "she's got hot ass"

- recognizes that there's ultimately something stupid about art

- anchored Surrealism

- Freud/psychoanalysis

- challenges post-Renaissance idea that a painting should resemble a window

- 3 rendered figures belong to a dream world

- gate, knob, and building "violate" frame's space

- creation scene

- analogous to the womb

- breakdown of conventional subject matter

- commissioned by Spanish Republican govt

- outcry of grief

- bull = bullfighting in Spain = fascism

- Michelangelo's Pieta and Goya's "The Third of May, 1808"

- human form in painting parallels what happened to them in real life

- Franco's death in 1975

- first use of iron

- spearheaded the evolution of the iron industry

- cheaper than stone/stands up to greater temperatures

- 100 ft across the river

- exposed structure

- Realist impulse of honesty

- 19th-century Parisian civilization

- 984 ft tall

- blurs distinction of interior and exterior

- Chateaubriand (Genius of Christianity)--Gothic cathedrals were manifestations of France's holy history

- Industrial Revolution

- Pugin believed in necessity of artisanship

- Gothic as moral style

- Big Ben and Victoria Tower

- 1871--Chicago fire

- elevators

- downtown becomes mecca for white-collar

- rise of Chicago School of Architecture

- derives from Roman aqueducts

- steel-frame structure

- demolished in 1930

- tripartite elevation of a Renaissance palace

- defined levels

- develops language of skyscraper

- concept of Greek column

- patterning = Celtic interlace

- form follows function

- nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially w/ its natural surroundings

- capturing expansiveness of Midwest

- elimination of facade

- cantilever

- steel structure

- Japanese concept of screen

- only strong vertical is chimney

- ceiling 8 1/2 ft tall

- why look at a work of art when you can live in it?

- cubic structure

- Mondrian

- meant to be read/percieved as work of art

- structural rationalism

- glass, concrete, steel

- Das Staatliche Bauhaus ("state school of building")

- utopian principles

- wedding art and industry

- Shop Block

- architecture avoids "all romantic embellishment and whimsy"

- shut down in 1933 by Nazis; relocated to Chicago

- handcraft with industrial technologies

- architecture of volume

- house should be machine for living

- white a la bleached skeletons of Greek temples

- didn't integrate itself

- interior is open space

- inside and outside space intermingle

- fusion of architecture and sculpture

- intimate scale; reminiscent of a sacred cave or monastery

- mathetmatical system

- Hagia Sophia's floating dome

- praying hands

- norm for postwar commercial high-rise buildings

- glass skin

- "less is more"

- corporations had no interest in quality design

- backlash against International Style in 60s and 70s

- away from modernism and towards postmodernism

- freely adapted from historical styles

- no more structural rationalism

- 18th-century furniture

- design is clasically tripartite

- "Jack the Dripper"

- Cubism and Surrealism

- art was both spontaneous and choreographed

- Jung's "collective unconscious"

- action painting

- didn't use Gesso/stretching; departure from conventional easel painting

- handprint = primitivism

- had to forget past to find painting today

- Manet, "to be from one's time"

- diptych as religious format

- silkscreening

- market can sustain reproduction

- Duchamp concept of ready-made

- commodity status of subject

- memento mori

- confronts the viewer endlessly

- film stills

- democratizes culture--fine art is no longer "better"

- kitsch