Term
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Definition
glycosidic bonds, ketones, aldehyde, hydrogen bonds, alcohol functional group,
d group: oh on one side
l group: oh on two sides
ring: forms after 5 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| high concentrations in cells |
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Definition
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Term
| low concentrations in cells |
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Definition
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Term
| relationship with calcium and sodium and magnesium and potassium ions |
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Definition
calcium and sodium go out
mg and k go inside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
information molecule, modified part of the RNA
goes through ribosomes
prokary: happens at same time, same place
eukaryotes: must be processed and translocated from nucleous |
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Term
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Definition
the sequence at the end (polyadenylation sequence)
add modified g cap on 5
add poly a tail on 3
protects from modification
also have introns removed with spliceosomes |
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Term
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Definition
snRNA and snRNPs
both go and from splicesomes
come together to get ride of introns |
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Term
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Definition
| spliced out and made into little nucleotides and then used for RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| introns themselves are spliced out |
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Term
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Definition
large subunit and small subunit
made of proteins and RNA |
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Term
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Definition
have a secondary and tertiary sturcture
carry anticodons and go into the ribosome units
covalently bond to amino acids
noncovalent on ribosomes
hydrogen on anticodon |
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Term
| how does tRNA become charged? |
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Definition
charged when amino acid comes on
synthetase enzymes bond with amino acids bond with tRNA |
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Term
| what is EPA for ribosomes? |
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Definition
a > binding site
p> carries the charged part
E> exit strategy; once charge is gone |
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Term
| how is the polypeptide chain released |
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Definition
stop codon comes in
releases the tRNA, and the mRNA, and the subunits |
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Term
| what requires high energy bonds in making a polypeptide chain? |
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Definition
1. 2covalent bonding of amino acid
2. 1 energy bond; inserting in a site
3. 1 energy: transclocating
4 energy bonds total
gdp and ADP instead |
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Term
| k eq value greater than 1 |
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Definition
forward direction
exergonic or spontaneous
change in g value less than 0 |
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Term
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Definition
reverse direction
endergonic
need energy
change in g greater than 0 |
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Term
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Definition
hollow sphere with phospholipid bilayer
never flip because of hydrophobic bonding |
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Term
| what changes the fluidity of liposomes |
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Definition
increase in fluidity
higher temperature
shorter chain lengths
double bonds
decreases fluidity
nature of polar heads |
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Term
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Definition
no energy used
moves in either direction |
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Term
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Definition
| cyclic amp: change its shape in response to external signal |
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Term
| which bonds are the strongest? |
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Definition
covalent: 1 A, 100-500 kj
polar: several; na
hydrogen: 3A; 10-30 kj |
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Term
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Definition
n terminal - c terminal
central carbon, amino acid, r, and h, carboxylic acid
seconday: alpha, beta> hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids, triglycerides, sterols, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
pladmids: circular DNA in prokaryotes
plastids: cholorplasts in plants |
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Term
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Definition
eukaryotes
microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments |
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Term
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Definition
fine, thread like
actin
associated with mysoin
muscle contraction |
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Term
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Definition
tubules
tubilin with alpha and beta
determine cell shape
in centrioles, cilia, basal bodies
NOT IN BACTERIAL FLAGELLA
form spindle fibers for mitosis
inside flagella and cilla |
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Term
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Definition
provide strength
fibrous proteins |
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Term
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Definition
reactants: 1 glucose
products: 2 pyruvate, 2 atp, 2 nadh |
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Term
| pyruvate to acetyl coa (phospohrylation) |
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Definition
pyruvate to acetyl coa
reactants: 2 pyruvate
products: 2 acetylc coa, 2 nadh |
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Term
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Definition
reactants: 2 acetyl coa
products: 6 nadh, 2 fadh2, 2 atp |
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Term
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Definition
reactants: 10 nadh, 2 fadh2
products: electrochemical proton gradient across inner mitochondiral memrbane |
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Term
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Definition
reactants: 34 ADP and 34 P
products: 34 to 38 ATp
more ATP with prok because mitochondira needs energy to move substnaces |
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Term
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Definition
light rxns
non cyclic is when both psI/II work
products: 1 oxygen, 2 nadh, 2 atp |
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Term
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Definition
just when psI is used
1 atp is used
environmental conditions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
true reactant: c02
other reactants: atp and nadph from light reactains
product: 1 gsp, to make glucose> needs 2 GTP |
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Term
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Definition
| tightly packed chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
loosley packed chormosomes
better becuase acetyl can come in |
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Term
| proximal control elemenst |
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Definition
| control the rate of transciption |
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Term
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Definition
lytic cycle
virus that attacks prokaryotic cells |
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Term
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Definition
enduced
make the parts
then lyse the cell |
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Term
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Definition
entered, dna becomes part of it
when dna is together becomes a prophage |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial virus that incoporates dna into host dna |
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Term
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Definition
does not undergo lysogeny (dna integration)
immediate lyses the cell |
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Term
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Definition
circular RNA
needs rna dependent rna polymerase
budding vrisues |
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Term
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Definition
membrane attaches to the plasma memebrane
non enveloped virus |
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Term
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Definition
reverse transciptase> converts rna to dna
provirus: new dna comes into host cell and becomes provirsus
proviurs makes new hiv units
budding: hiv leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| rna viruses that use rna fro dna synthesis |
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Term
| WHAT is not typical of a phospolipids |
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Definition
no steroids
has glyceral, fatty acid, and phosphodiester bond |
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Term
| final product of ethanolic fermnatation is |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of molecule is camp |
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Definition
| signal transduction molecule |
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