respiration

regulation of blood pH

voice productions (air movement)

smell (inhale)

innate immunity

nasal cavity

pharynx (humidify and purify)

external nose (hyaline cartilage)

filters

airway for respiration

involved in speech

olfactory receptors

warms air

sneezing (dislodges material from nose)

Throat

shared between digestive tract and respiratory system

Nasopharynx: takes in air (soft palate, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium)

Oropharynx: ovula to epiglottis, takes in food, drink, and air (stratified squamous epithelium, protects from abrsions)

Laryngopharynx: epiglottis to exophagous, food and drink passage (stratified squamous epithelium and ciliated columnar)

from nares to choane

anterior lined with stratifiedd squamous epithelium and course hairs

posterior psuedostratified columnar epithelium...goblet cells, nasal polyps (mucus) and cillia

inflamation of conhea in nose prodturde into nares making it hard to breath

on each side of the nasal cavity

increase surface area of nasal cavity

help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air

deviated septum affects breathing, one side blocked

sneezing, caused by foreign debri

larynx

trachea

bronchi

lungs

thyroid

cricoid

tracheal

cuneiform

corniculate

arytenoid

anterior part of throat

made up of 6 cartilages

thyroid cartilage (3 paired/3 unpaired)

epiglottis prevents swallowing materials from entering larynx

lined with 16-20 C shaped pieces of cartilage, the posterior open

3 lobes

superior, middle, inferior

visceral-lines lung

parietal-lines cavity

where gas exchange between air and blood occurs

formed by walls of alveoli and capillaries

1. thin layer of fluid from alveolus
2. simple squamous alveolar epithelium
3. basement membrane of alveolar epithelium
4. thin interstitial space
5. basment membrane of capillary endothelium
6. simple squamous capillary endothelium