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Final MA311
UAB MA311
98
Mathematics
Undergraduate 2
10/29/2013

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Term
Charlemagne
Definition
"Charles the Great"
Term
Cicero
Definition
"Tuscalan Disputations" says that Greeks thought math was the bomb but Romans only what it for practical uses.
Term
Anicius Boethius
Definition
"the last of the Romans and the first of the Scholastics" wrote The Consolation of Philosophy.De Institutione Arithmetica.
Term
Maria Gaetana Agnesi
Definition
"witch of Agnesi" the versed sine curve or versiera
Term
Johann Widmann and Vander Hoecke
Definition
+ and - signs
Term
Ides of March
Definition
44 B.C., the daggers f Brutus, Cassius, and their fellow conspirators brought an abrupt end to the reign of Julius Caesar
Term
Diophantine Equation
Definition
Any equation in one or more unknowns that is to be solved for integral values of the unknown
Term
Baghdad
Definition
Arabian capital on the Tigris River
Term
Abu Kamil
Definition
Arabic mathematican who developed an algebra of radicals and introduced irrational roots of quadratic equations
Term
Al- Knowarizmi
Definition
Author of "Hisab al-jabr w'al muqabalah" that Europe became acquainted with the Hindu numerals and the algebraic approach to mathematics.1-9 makes use of zero
Term
Thabit
Definition
Book on the Measurement of the Conic Section Called Parabolic. Drew attention to the fact Ptolemy's Almagest was wrong.
Term
Octavian
Definition
Caesar's grandnephew also called Augustus ruled the West. Ruled the land through military commandar
Term
Tertulian
Definition
Church father said "If something bad happened in Alexandria then it would be blamed on the church."
Term
Christoff Rudolff
Definition
Die Coss first occurrence of square root sign
Term
Liber Quadratorum
Definition
Fibonacci's book dedicated to solving equations of the second degree
Term
Luca Pacioli
Definition
Fra Luca di Borga, wrote Summa de Arithmetica Geometria Proportioni et Proportionalita most influential mathematical book of that period.
Term
Aryabhata
Definition
Hindu mathematician investigated the summation of arithmetic and geometric series. Wrote the Aryabhatiya, in which he calculated the value of pie.
Term
Bhaskara
Definition
Indian Mathematician, Wrote Siddhanta Siromani, two parts(lilavati and Vaijaganita)one dedicated to his daughter, all addressing her.
Term
Ruffini- Abel Theorem
Definition
It is impossible to find a general formula for the roots of a polynomial equation of degree five or higher if the formula for the solution is allowed to use only arithmetic operations and extraction of roots. Printed in August Leopold Crelle Journal.
Term
Omar Khayyam
Definition
Jalalian calendar; mastery of the geometrical theory of the third degree equations, which may be regarded as the most successful accomplishment of an Arabic mathematician.
Term
Regiomontanus
Definition
Johannes Muller, named after Konigsberg, wrote De Triangulis(on Triangles of All Kinds) Made trigonometry its own branch of mathematics.Created two calenders and a private printing press in his home. Wrote Ephemerides Astronomicae
Term
Fibonacci
Definition
Liber Abaci popularized the Hindu- Arabic decimal system.
Term
Evariste Galois
Definition
Many special equations existed that were solvable by radicals, and the characterization of these remained an open question;however,Augustin-Louis Cauchy forget to read or lost his work. Not until after his death did Joseph Liouville find and publish it.
Term
Girolamo Cardano
Definition
Milan. wrote "Aro Magna" cubic solutions he stole from Tartaglia. First to present complex numbers. Father was a lawyer.Studied medicine instead of law. Gambler.
Term
Agrippa
Definition
Octavian's General who won the naval battle at Actium off the west coast of Greece in 31 B.C. against Mark Antony
Term
Mark Antony
Definition
Ruled the East in association with Cleopatra. Commits suicide after being defeated and ends the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Term
Nicolas Fatio de Duiller
Definition
Started the fight between Leibniz and Newton
Term
Alcuin of York
Definition
The advisor to Charlemagne, set up a monastery- based education system
Term
Pell Equation
Definition
The cattle Problem, but John Pell did not solve it; A Amthor tried and got closer, A.H. Bell got closer, H.C. Williams, R.A. German, and C.R. Zarnke solved it using a computer
Term
Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
Definition
The earliest known Chinese work on mathematics
Term
Constantine
Definition
The first Roman emperor to adhere personally to the Christian faith. Forced to move capital to Istanbul
Term
Bombelli
Definition
The first mathematician to work with imaginary numbers. Wrote "Algebra" all his problems were abstract.
Term
Damascus
Definition
The location of an observatory set up by al- Ma'mum; here al-Knowarizmi and ibn Qurra revised the astronomical tables in the Almagest
Term
John Napier
Definition
The original inventor of logarithms
Term
Diophantus
Definition
The originator of syncopated algebra. Wrote Arithmetica. No negatives, after one answer he would stop.
Term
Kepler
Definition
The planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. Each planet moves around its orbit, not uniformly, but in such a way that a straight line drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals 3. The squares of the times required for any two planets to make complete orbits about the sun are proportional to the cubes of their mean distances from the sun.
Term
Saint Augustine
Definition
The words of the Scripture have more authority than the whole human intellect.
Term
Al-Kashis
Definition
Treatise on the Circumference expounded on the use of decimal fractions, got pie right to 16 decimal places
Term
Nicolo Tartaglia
Definition
Venice.
Term
Robert Recorde
Definition
Wrote "the Grounde of Artes" "The Pathewaie of Knowledge" and "The Whetstone of Witte" enjoyed the widest popularity but not the first. contained the = sign
Term
Emperor Theodosius
Definition
a devout Christian, promulgated laws closing all the pagan temples in the empire and forbidding the exercise of pagan ceremonies of any kinf, even those conducted in the privacy of their home.
Term
Pax Romana
Definition
a durable peace the like of which had not previously been seen over so large an area and has never been seen again.
Term
Tycho Brahe
Definition
a junior partner in his astronomical research
and offered Kepler the position as his chief assistant
Term
John Keill
Definition
accused Leibniz of plagerism
Term
Pascal and Desargues
Definition
area of synthetic projective geometry.
Term
Pierre de Laplace
Definition
assert that the invention of logarithms “by shortening the labors, doubled the life of the astronomer.”
Term
Peter Abelard
Definition
attracted many students to his lectures in his lecture hall. He popularized the cathedral school at Notre Dame center of higher learning, foundation of the University of Paris
Term
Roger Cotes
Definition
criticize and correct the Principia with confidence
Term
Simon Stevin
Definition
decimal fractions were first developed
Term
Christianity
Definition
demise of Greek learning. looked inward toward the soul not outward at the universe
Term
William Harvey
Definition
demonstrated the circulatory route of the blood from the heart through arteries and veins by way of the lungs
Term
Ferrari
Definition
developed the solution to quartic(fourth- degree) equations; pupil of Cardano
Term
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Definition
develops the theory of permutations
and combinations for the purpose of making logical deductions.the invention of calculus more by studying Pascal’s writings than anything else.
an elongated form of the letter S for “sum.
Term
Byzantine Scholars
Definition
did not attempt original research on their own account, they were engaged in preserving and multipling copies of the works antiquity
Term
Johannes Kepler
Definition
discovered that the planets move in elliptical orbits about the sun. the first to enunciate clearly the principle of continuity. the volume of
a sphere to be one-third the product of the radius and the surface area.the title of Imperial Mathematician from
the Emperor Rudolf
Term
Galileo Galilei
Definition
discovered the isochronism(equality of time) of the pendulum,show that bodies of the same material but different weights fall with equal speed, first to look at the sky systematically with one and to publish findings,four satellites revolving about Jupiter. wrote "Dialogo Sopra Due Massimi Sistemi del Mondo" First Mathematician” of the University of Pisa
Term
John of Meurs
Definition
extracted square root of 2
Term
Isaac Barrow
Definition
first occupant of the Lucasian
chair.theorems
concerned with drawing tangents to curves and finding lengths of curves and the areas bounded by them. A signal precursor of the differential calculus
Term
Newton
Definition
first was the invention of the mathematical method he called fluxions, but which today is differential calculus; the second was the analysis of white light (sunlight) into lights of different colors, separated in the visible spectrum according to their different refrangibility; third discovery was the conception of the law of universal gravitation
Term
Newton
Definition
first was the invention of the mathematical method he called fluxions, but which today is differential calculus; the second was the analysis of white light (sunlight) into lights of different colors, separated in the visible spectrum according to their different refrangibility; third discovery was the conception of the law of universal gravitation. designed and constructed the first reflecting telescope. binomial theorem
Term
Christoph Clavius
Definition
first writer to use a period as a separator between the integral and fractional parts of a number
Term
Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus
Definition
founded a large monastery with the conscious aim of making it a center of Christian learning and scholarship- the first education- oriented monastic house. Wrote Introducation to Devine and Human Writings
Term
John Wallis
Definition
founding member of the Royal Society of London. The father of English cryptography. ∞ for “infinity”. Acceptance of negative and imaginary numbers
Term
Scipione del Fiore
Definition
from the university of Bologna solved solving the cubic equation for the special case x3+ px = q , where p and q are positive.
Term
Proclus
Definition
head of Academy of Plato, wrote Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements
Term
Brahmagupta
Definition
hindu mathematician, introduced negative numbers and developed a rule for obtaining two roots of a quadratic equation. Formula for the area of a cycle quadrilateral
Term
Voltaire
Definition
his popularization of Newton’s world system, Elements de la Philosophie de Newton
Term
Ptolemy VII
Definition
in power in 146 B.C. banished from Egypt all those scientists and scholars who had not demonstrated their loyalty to him.
Term
Jobst Burgi
Definition
independent of Napier, conceived the idea of logarithms
Term
William Oughtred
Definition
invention of a mechanical computation device based on logarithms—the slide rule.
Term
Hypatia
Definition
mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. She was a leader of the neo- Platonic school and opposed christianity and was killed by a mob and burned.
Term
Thomas Harriot
Definition
multiplication denoted by a dot. Artis Analyticae Praxis. Greater than and Less than signs. Was famous only for his book on Traveling not mathematics.
Term
John Napier
Definition
new mathematical instrument,napiers bones, and log tables,canons, and common logarithms
Term
Nicolo Tartaglia
Definition
nickname was "The stammerer" wrote "Nova Scientia" and "General Trattato di Numeriet Misure" solved cubic equations with the second degree absent.
Term
Jean Picard
Definition
obtained a very accurate value for the length of a degree on the earth’s meridian; his figure of 69.1 miles varied greatly from the 60 miles Newton had used
Term
Johann Gutenberg
Definition
printing with a movable type which is an invention that helped provide momentum to the revival of literature in the Renaissance.
Term
Jean Victor Poncelet
Definition
progress in projective geometry
Term
Sun-Tsu
Definition
remainder Theorem, linear diophantine equation.
Term
Caliph al- Ma'mum
Definition
set up House of Wisdom, a kind of academy comparable with the Museum at Alexandris
Term
Rene Descartes and Pierre de Fermat
Definition
simultaneously wedded algebra to geometry, to produce a remarkable innovation, analytic
geometry.
Term
Edward Gibbon
Definition
six volume "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" says "condition of the human race was most happy and prosperous, he would, without hesitation, name that which elapsed from the death of Domitian to the accession of Commodus.
Term
Henry Briggs
Definition
suggested that the new system would be much more convenient if
the logarithm of 1 were 0 and that of 10 were 1
Term
Rahn
Definition
the current division sign in the book Teutsche Algebra
Term
Treviso Arithmetic
Definition
the first popular textbook
Term
Rene Descartes
Definition
the melding of geometry and algebraic techniques into analytic geometry. the beginning of the alphabet were used for given quantities, and those near the end(especially x ) for the unknown.x,xx,x3,x4
Term
Gerard of Cremona
Definition
the most industrious and prolific of the translators from Arabic to Latin
Term
Girard Desargues
Definition
the three dimensional world on a flat canvas and the study of properties of figures that remain unaltered under projection
Term
Emilie de Breteuil, the Marquise du Chˆatelet
Definition
tutored by Pierre-Louis de Maupertuis (1698–1759) and his young
protege Alexis-Claude Clairaut.a French translation, with detailed commentary, of Newton’s Principia. An interpreter of the accomplishments of others than a creator of original science
Term
Francois Vieta
Definition
vowels were to designate
unknown quantities, what we now call variables, and consonants to represent numbers assumed to be given. Literal notation made it possible to build up a general theory of equations
Term
Edmund Halley
Definition
without him there might never have been a Principia. Not only did he furnish the funds for its prompt issue and act as a conciliator between Newton and the Royal Society
Term
Georg Joachim
Definition
worked out a table of sines for every 10 seconds to 15 decimal places
Term
Michael Stifel
Definition
wrote "Arithmetica integra" his 1AAA would mean A3 to us. Negative coefficients in equations
Term
Robert Hooke
Definition
wrote "Micrographia" the earliest large-scale work on the microscopic observation of cellular structure
Term
Robert Boyle
Definition
wrote "Sceptical Chymist" and said “Nature plays the mathematician”
Term
Jacob Burkhardt
Definition
wrote "the Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy" popularized the idea of the Italian Renaissance
Term
Chang Ch'iu- Chien
Definition
wrote Mathematical Classic.deals with indeterminate equations.Roosters and coins.
Term
Pappus
Definition
wrote Mathematical Collection. Three classic problems: the quadrature of the circle, the duplication of the cube, and the trisection of angle.
Term
Isaac Newton
Definition
wrote" Opticks" the first treatise on physical
science whose content was based entirely on experimentation; and the culmination
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