History

The written and other recorded events of people.

Pre-History

Before history the events in the period of time before writing was invented. 

Archaeolgist

A scientist  who examines ovjects such as bones and tools to learn about past peoples and cultures. 

Geography

Study of the earths surface and the processes that shape it.

Hominid

a Modern human or member of an earlier group that may have included ancestors or relatives of modern humans. 

Nomad

A person with no permanent home who moves from place to place in search of food, water, or pasture.

Domesticate

To adapt wild plants for human use; to tame wild animals and breed them for human use.

Irrigation

A method of supplying land with water through a network of canals.

Surplus 

more of a thing or product than is needed.

Artisan

a skilled worker who practices a trade, such as jewelry making, ceramics, or sculpture; in Aztec society, artisans were the third most important class, under the royal or religious leaders and warriors.

Civilization 

A society  with cities, a central government  run by offical leaders, and workers who specialize in certain jobs, leading to social classes; characterized by writing, art, and architecture.

Scribe

in ancient civilizations, a specially trained person who knew how to read, write and keep records.

Fertile Crescent

A region in Southwest Asia; site of the worlds first civilizations.

City-State

A city that has its own independent government and often controls much of the surrounding land; Aksum was one of East Africa's  ancient city states. 

Polytheism

The belief  in many gods.

Myth

a traditional story; in some cultures, a legend that explains people's beliefs. 

Caravan

a group of traders traveling together. 

Bazzar

a market selling different kinds of goods. 

Cuneiform

A form of writing that uses groups of wedges and lines;  used to write several languages of the fertile Crescent.

Cataract

A large waterfall or steep rapids.

Delta

A triangular plain at the mouth of a river, formed when sediment is deposited by flowing water.

Pharaoh

a king of ancient Egypt.

Dynasty 

A series of rulers from the same family.

Regent 

Someone who rules for a child is old enough to rule.

Afterlife

A life after death.

Mummy

Silt

A huge building with four sloping triangle shaped sides; built as royal tomb in egypt.

Hieroglyphs

a kind of picture writing in which some pictures stand for ideas or things and others stand for sounds.; the written signs and symbols used by the Egyptians the Mayan people and other groups.

Papyrus

An early form of paper made from reed like plant found in the marshy areas of the Nile Delta.

Astronomer

a scientist who studies the stars and other objects in the sky.

subcontinent

a large landmass that juts out from a continent.

Monsoon

A strong, seasonal wind that blows across East asia.

Citadel.

A fortress in a city.

migrate

to move from one place to settle in another.

Caste

a social class of people

Brahman.

a single spirtitual power that Hindus believe lives in everything.

Avatar

A representation of a Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form.

Reincarnation

The rebirth of the soul in the body of another living being.

Dharama

The relgious and moral duties of Hindus.

Meditate.

To focus to the mind inward in order to find spiritual awareness or relaxation.

Nirvana

The lasting peace that Buddhists seek by giving up selfish desires.

Missionary

a person who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others.

Convert

to change one's beliefs; in particular to change from one religion to another.

Tolerance

The acceptance of differences.

Loess

a yellow-brown soil.

Philosophy

Confucius

Chinese philosopher whose teachings greatly influenced China.

Currency

the kind of money used by a group or nation.

Silk Road

a chain of trade routes stretched from China to the Mediterranean Sea.

Silk

A valuable cloth originally made only in china from threads spun by caterpillars called silkworms.

Epic

a long poem that tells a story

Acropolis

The fortifield hill of an ancient greek city the acropolis of Athens when spelled with a capital A.

Asristocrat

Tyrant

Demoracy

a form of government in which citizend govern themselves.

Tribute.

a regular payment made to a powerful state or nation  by a weaker one.

Immortal

Someone or something that lives forever

Oracle

Philiosopher

Tragedy

a type of serious drama that ends in disaster fror the main character.

Athens

a city state in ancient
Greece the capital of modern-day Greece

Agora

Vendor

a seller of goods.

Slavery

the conition of being owned by and forced to work for someone else 

Helots

A member of a certain class servants in ancient sparta

Peloponnesian War

A war fought for 27 ears between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece alliances formed on both sides meant that almost every Greek city state was involved in the war.

Plague

A wide spread disease.

Blockade

an action taken to isolate an enemy and cut off its supplies.

Barbarian.

a wild and uncivilized person.

Alexander the Great.

the king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 B.C; conqueror of Persia and Egypt and invader of India.

Rebublic

a type of government in which citizens who have the right to vote select their leaders.

Patrician

a member of a wealthy, upper class family in Roman Republic.

Plebeian

an ordinary citizen in the ancient roman republic.

Consul

one of two officials who led the ancient roman republic.

Veto

the rejection of any planned action rule by a person in power the Latin word for "forbid"

Dictator

a ruler who has total control of the government 

Province

Colosseum 

a large arena built in Rome around A.D. 70; site of contests and combats  between people and animals.

Aqueduct

A structure that carries water over long distances.

Monotheism

the belief in one god

Arch

a curved structure  used as a support over an open space as in a doorway.

Census

an official count of people in living in a place.

Villa

a country estate usually owned by a wealthy family; an important source of food and wealth for Ancient Rome.

Circus

An arena in ancient Rome; also the show held there.

Knight

a man who received honor and land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier. 

Medieval 

Referring to the Middle Ages. 

Manor

a large estate often including farms and a village ruled by lord.

Serf

a farm worker considered part of the manor on which he or she worked.

Gladiator

in ancient Rome a person who fought to the death in arena to entertain the public; usually a slave.

Clergy.

persons with authority to perform religious services.

Excommunication

Apprentice

an unpaid person training in a craft or trade.

Chivalry

The code of honorable conduct for knights.

Troubadour

a traveling poet and musician of the middle ages 

Crusades

a series  of military expeditions launched  by Christian  Europeans to win the holy land back from Muslim control.

Jerusalem

a city in the holy land regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews