Term
| Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because: |
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Definition
| the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. |
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Term
| Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________. |
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Definition
| political conservatives; political liberals |
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Term
| The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people define their: |
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Definition
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Term
| [image]The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the: |
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Definition
| emergency is being observed by a number of other people. |
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Term
| In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were most likely to deliver high levels of shock when: |
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Definition
| the experiment was conducted at a prestigious institution such as Yale University. |
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Term
| Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink? |
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Definition
| We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue." |
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Term
| We have a tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________. |
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Definition
| personality traits; situational constraints |
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Term
| Deindividuation refers to |
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Definition
| a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. |
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Term
| The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| [image]Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines: | |
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Definition
| even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect |
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Term
| The best explanation for the inaction of bystanders during the Kitty Genovese murder is that they failed to |
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Definition
| assume personal responsibility for helping the victim. |
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Term
| Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in their town. This best illustrates: |
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Definition
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Term
| A social trap is a situation in which |
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Definition
| the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm |
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Term
| Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to |
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Definition
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Term
| Sara, a 20-year-old college sophomore, is very beautiful. Research suggests that she is likely to ________ than less attractive college women. |
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Definition
| be perceived as more socially skilled |
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Term
| Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots while alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates: |
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Definition
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Term
| [image]Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrates the impact of: | |
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Definition
| role playing on attitudes |
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Term
| Attribution theory was designed to account for: |
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Definition
| how people explain others' behavior. |
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Term
| According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that: |
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Definition
| even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction |
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Term
| [image]In order to distinguish sense from nonsense, Myers and Jeeves suggest that Christian psychologists ought to |
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Definition
| adopt a scientific empirical approach |
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Term
| Political pollsters find that people's attitudes toward the presidential candidates are very accurate predictors of the election outcome. This best illustrates that attitudes guide our actions when the attitude: |
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Definition
| is specifically relevant to the behavior. |
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Term
| Carol is restless during class because her professor's distressed facial expressions lead her to believe that he dislikes teaching. The professor, on the other hand, is distressed because he sees Carol's restlessness as an indication that she lacks any motivation to learn. At this point, both student and professor should be informed of the dangers of: |
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Definition
| the fundamental attribution error. |
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Term
| Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| After they had first agreed to display a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign, California home owners were highly likely to permit the installation of a very large and unattractive "Drive Carefully" sign in their front yards. This best illustrates: |
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Definition
| the foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
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