Term
(1) Which of the following mycotoxins was not found in feed and hay samples from Ontario horse farms in the survey conducted by Mortson et al. (2010) ?
(a) Aflatoxin.
(b) DON.
(c) 15-acetyl DON.
(d) Zearalenone.
(e) Ochratoxin. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not characteristic of ergovaline?
(a) Exposure can cause peripheral vasoconstriction.
(b) Exposure can cause immunomodulation.
(c) Exposure can cause reduced milk production.
(d) Exposure can cause reduced weight gain.
(e) Is an ergot alkaloid. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not applicable to fumonisin toxicity in the horse?
(a) Equine leucoencephalolmalacia.
(b) Can be caused by the consumption of corn screenings.
(c) Impaired reproduction.
(d) Characterized by ataxia.
(e) Lesions of the brain are seen. |
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Definition
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Which of the following was not observed in the study of Raymond et al. (2003) when feed naturally-contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins was fed to sedentary horses?
(a) Reduced consumption of contaminated concentrate.
(b) Elevated blood activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase.
(c) No weight loss..
(d) Immunosuppression.
(e) No effects of diet on blood gamma-glutamyltransferase when a mycotoxin adsorbent was fed. |
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Definition
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) Which of the following is least characteristic of conjugated mycotoxins?
(a) Are synthesized by the plant invaded by the fungi.
(b) Are undetectable by conventional analytical techniques.
(c) Have been identified for DON (deoxynivalenol, vomitoxin).
(d) Have been identified for zearalenone.
(e) Have been identified for aflatoxin. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not characteristic of equine laminitis?
(a)Considered to be the most lethal pathological condition in North American horses.
(b) Lamellae separate from the coffin bone.
(c) Coffin bone can perforate sole of the hoof.
(d) Acute laminitis can occur quickly, 24 – 72 hours.
(e) Chronic laminitis can develop in 4 – 5 days. |
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Definition
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Which of the following events does not occur in the onset of laminitis?
(a) Intracecal pH declines .
(b) Aerobic bacteria accumulate in the cecum and colon.
(c) Lactic acid production increases in the cecum.
(d) Soluble carbohydrates pass into the cecum.
(e) The intestinal mucosa is damaged. |
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Definition
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Which of the following biogenic amines is least likely to play a role in the development of laminitis ?
(a) Serotonin.
(b) Tryptamine.
(c) Cadaverine. (d) Histamine.
(e) Tyramine. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis?
(a) Myoglobinuria.
(b) Elevated blood concentrations of myoglobin.
(c) Elevated blood creatine kinase activity.
(d) Elevated blood concentrations of chloride.
(e) Reduced blood concentrations of sodium. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is least characteristic of polysaccharide storage myopathy?
(a) Abnormal muscle glycogen metabolism.
(b) Affects draft breeds.
(c) Affects quarter horses.
(d) Affects warm bloods.
(e) Abnormal muscle intercellular calcium metabolism. |
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Definition
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(11) Which of the following mycotoxins has the least effect on immunity?
(a) Zearalenone.
(b) DON.
(c) Aflatoxin.
(d) Ochratoxin.
(e) T-2 toxin. |
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Definition
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(12) How can the feeding of concentrates lead to cholic?
(a) Large quantities of propionic acid are formed in the intestinal tract.
(b) The intestinal bacteria may shift to reduce fibre fermentation.
(c) Large quantities of lactic acid are formed in the intestinal tract.
(d) Intestinal pH declines.
(e) Non-structural carbohydrate fermentation increases. |
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Definition
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(13) What is the usual cause of equine hyperlipemia?
(a) Exercise.
(b) Supplementing feeds with oils.
(c) Excessive mobilization of adipose lipids
(d) Feeding of concentrates.
(e) Increased feed intake. |
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Definition
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Which of the following least applies to Equine Cushing’s Disease?
(a) This is an chronic progressive neuroendocrine disease.
(b) Blood cortisol levels rise.
(c) Regulation of the pituitary pars intermedia by serotonin is lost.
(d) Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction.
(e) Commonly seen in older horses. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is least characteristic of Equine Insulin Resistance?
(a) Hypertriglyceridemia.
(b) Hyperlipidemia.
(c) Hyperinsulinemia.
(d) Hyperglycemia.
(e) Hypermyoglobinemia. |
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Definition
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Which of the following dietary characteristics contributes least to colic?
(a) Non-structural carbohydrates.
(b) Alfalfa hay .
(c) Lignin.
(d) Moldy hay.
(e) Mature hay. |
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Definition
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Which of the following does not increase the frequency of equine gastric ulcer syndrome?
(a) Intestinal parasites.
(b) High fat diet.
(c) Finely ground feed.
(d) Transport of horses.
(e) Athletic training. |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not a result of equine gastric fermentation?
(a) Synthesis of propionic acid.
(b) Synthesis of acetic acid.
(c) Synthesis of linoleic acid.
(d) Synthesis of butyric acid.
(e) Synthesis of lactic acid |
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Definition
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Which of the following is not a fate of lactic acid synthesized through gastric fermentation?
(a) Fermented in cecum.
(b) Fermented in colon.
(c) A substrate for gluconeogensis.
(d) Fermented in stomach.
(e) Absorbed in the small intestine. |
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Definition
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Which of the following does not occur at the distal end of the ileum?
(a) Bicarbonate secretion.
(b) Chloride absorption.
(c) Increased pH of ingesta.
(d) A mechanism to maximize cellulolytic activity in the cecum.
(e) Decreased pH of ingesta. |
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Definition
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