Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Final
N/A
55
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 3
02/23/2014

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Duty to Care
Definition
the professional and legal obligation to be competent custodians of any victims that are encountered; any criminal investigations that are initiated; and any evidence that supports or refutes allegations of criminal activity against accused suspects
Term
Noble cause corruption
Definition
corrupt or illegal acts committed by law enforcement in order to secure or maintain an arrest or conviction, or some other worthy end
Term
Patrol officers
Definition
those uniformed police assigned to move in a pattern within designated areas of a community by foot, horse, bicycle, motorcycle, or a marked patrol car; they know where crime hotspots are
Term

 

1. the seriousness of the offense

2. the protection of the community

Definition
What are the two variables considered by officers in their responses?
Term
selective enforcement
Definition
the arbitrary punishment of certain individuals or groups for legal violations or crimes, rather than equal punishment for all known offenders
Term
racial profiling
Definition
discrimination against an entire racial group based on the presumpption tat all members share criminal traits or tendencies
Term
mandatory arrest laws
Definition
requires law enforcement on the scene to make an arrest at the scene if there is probable cause that a crime has been committed; exist to prevent law enforcement from making subjective determinations about whether or not to arrest during a domestic violence call
Term

1. No chase

2. Felony chase: they will only pursue suspects when they have probable cause to believe that a serious felony has been committed or perhaps a reasonable belief that a filony will be avioded by the suspect immediate capture

3. Mandatory chase

Definition
Types of departmental policies regarding high speed chases
Term
acceptance of meals and gifts
Definition
______ is the most common form and most extensive form of police corruption.
Term
conduct unbecoming
Definition
a chaged used by police agencies to discipline its officers for any behavior that violates deprtmental rules and virtues; it is used as a catch-all charge
Term
Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act
Definition
created a general nationwide recognition that the public is better served by allowing law enforcement officers to carry theor firearms outside of their urisdictions whether they are on or off duty
Term
search and seizure laws
Definition
those surrounding police authority to stop and search persons and their property for evidence related tp a crime, so long as they have probable cause to believe that a crime has occrred and that the person being stopped is the one responsible
Term
probable cause
Definition
exists when known facts and circumstances, of a reasonably trust worthy nature, are sufficient to justify a person of reasonable caution or prudence to believe that a crime has been committed by the person being arrested
Term
mere suspicion
Definition
this level of confidence is sometimes considered a gut feeling, or hunch, that leads the individual to question a particular circumstance
Term
reasonable suspicion
Definition
this level od confidence is intended tp describe facts and circumstances that may lead an pfficer to believe that a person will be involved in a crime, or was involved in a crime.
Term
Entrapment
Definition
a general term that refers to law enforcement inducing a person to committ criminal acts, specifically one that they would not have otherwise been likely to committ
Term
confession
Definition
a voluntary statement, written or recorded, by a criminal suspect that acknowledges guilt for a particular crime
Term
Inculpatry statement
Definition
a voluntary statement, ritten or recorded, by a criminal suspect, acknowledging a particular decision or activity associated with a crime
Term
false confession
Definition
an involuntaary statement of guilt made under duress
Term
coercion
Definition
the use of force, threats, or intimidation to gain someone's compliance
Term
Judiciary branch
Definition
the branch of the criminal justice system that deals with the adjudication and exoneration or punishment of criminal defendants
Term
trier of fact
Definition
a judge or a jury, that determines legal guilt or innocence of a criminal defendant
Term

1. they have the responsibility to ensure due process 

2. they have an obligation to police the courtroom and the courts for bad actors, which includes unethical attorneys and judges

Definition
What are the two primary roles that judges play in the CJ arena?
Term
judidcial independence
Definition
the promise that any litigant or lawyer appearing before a judge can be certain that the judge will rule according to applicable rules ad precedents without any external influence
Term
judicial dispassion
Definition
the court's obligation to conduct itself without emotion or bias
Term
embroilement
Definition
when a judge becomes so involved in a case that they actually take sides
Term
conflict of interest
Definition
when a person or an agency has competing loyalties, or loyalties that are at odds, because of their need to satisy multiple roles, duties, or obligations
Term
recusal
Definition
creatin sircumstances that require a judg eto step aside from hearing a case
Term
jury
Definition
a group of men and women lawfully selected, convened, and sworn to investigate a legal dispute, and then render an impartial finding in accordance with the law
Term
trial by jury
Definition
_____ is the constitutional right of US citizens, preserved by the 6th amendement
Term
evidence
Definition
testimony, writing, material objects, or other things presented to the senses that are offereed to prove the existence or non-existence of a fact
Term
admissibilty
Definition
means tht evidence introduced is of such character that the ourt or judge is cound to recieve it; that is, allow it to be introduced at trial
Term
Ake vs. Oklahoma
Definition
every defendant is entitled to an adequate defende, which includes reasonable access to scientific expert assistance should the need arise
Term
expert
Definition
qualified to testify by vitue of knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education, at the discretion of the judge
Term
whistleblower
Definition
a generic term used to describe someone that reports misconduct within their own agency or institution; those making disclsures to external governement agencies or to the public
Term
professional misconduct
Definition
failure to report knowledge of any wrongdoing up the chain of command
Term
the US Dept of Labor's Department of Occupational and Safety and Health Administration; Has a whistleblower protection program which enforces the whistleblower provisions to protect employees who report violations of various workplace safety guidelines
Definition
OSHA
Term
Obama signed the Whitsleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012 into law to fund and broaden protections for federal employees seeking to report misconduct, fraud, illegality
Definition
What was the WPEA intended for?
Term
Abuse of authority
Definition
An action by a cj practitioner that results in injury, insult, trespass on human dignity, manifest feelings of inferiority, and/or violate an inherent legal right; may include use of ecessive physical force, causing emotional or psychological distress through the use of verbal assault, ridicule, or harrassment, or violation of citizens federal or state constitutional rights
Term
gratuities
Definition
items of value recieved by a person becaise of their role or position, rather than because of physical relationship with the giver
Term
gift
Definition
something clearly given without strings attached; ex: a citizen pays an officers mel witout telling the officer; judgement is not affected
Term
graft
Definition
any exploittion of ones role, such as accepting bribes or protection money; use of position for dishonest gain
Term
kickbacks
Definition
a type of graft paid for recommending someone, such as defense lawyers, bondsmen, or wrecker drivers
Term
bribes
Definition
money or favor given or promised in order to influence; something that serves to induce or influence
Term
Denial of responsibility
Definition
they made me do it!
Term
Denial of injury
Definition
no innocent got hurt
Term
denial of the victim
Definition
they deserve it
Term
condemnation of the condemner
Definition
they dont know anything
Term
appeal to higher loyalties
Definition
protect your own
Term

1. Denial of responsibility

2. Denial of injury

3. Denial of victim

4.

condemnation of condemner

5. Appeal to higher loyalties

Definition
5 techniques for justifying defiance
Term
Corruption
Definition
the cj practitioner gains economically by providing services or failing to provide services that should be required by their position
Term
subculture
Definition
a subdivision of a national culture forming a functioning unity which has an integrated impact on the participating individual
Term

1. Police are the only real crimefighters

2. No one else inderstands the work of police

3. Loyalty counts more than anything 

4. It is impossible to win the war on crime without bending the rules

5. The public is demandin and non-supporative

6. Working in patrol is the least desirable job in police work

Definition
6 beliefs of the police subculture
Term

 1. External: Constitutional, criminal, common, and civil law

2. Internal: Depertmental policies and procedures, practices, and rules/regulations

3. Customs and practices: sanctions by members of the police agency; informal system can either prevent or promote police deviance 

Definition
three sets of standards that apply to cj misconduct
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