Term
| What is the Plantar Fasciitis |
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Definition
The most common cause of heel pain. The flat band of tissue (ligament) that connects your heel bone to your toes. It supports the arch of your foot. If you strain your plantar fascia, it gets weak, swollen, and irritated (inflamed). Then your heel or the bottom of your foot hurts when you stand or walk.
Cause of Condition: Increased stress on fascia
Change from rigid supportive footwear to flexible footwear
Poor running technique, change in training surface
Leg length discrepancy, excessive pronation, inflexible longitudinal arch, tight gastroc-soleus complex
Sign and Symptoms: Pain in anterior medial heel, along medial longitudinal arch
Increased pain in morning, loosens after first few steps, pain with forefoot dorsiflexion
Care: Extended treatment (8-12 weeks) is required
Orthotic therapy is very useful (soft orthotic with deep heel cup)
Simple arch taping, use of a night splint to stretch
Vigorous stretching of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and the Achilles tendon
Exercises that increase great toe dorsiflexion |
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Term
| Name the types of foot fractures |
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Definition
Stress fracture from frequency, duration and intensity d
full fracture from impact
compound fracture |
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Term
| Name the types of foot arches |
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Definition
| there are four (4) arches that support the weight and absorb shock medial longitudinal lateral longitudinal metatarsal and transverse |
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Term
| Where do you find bursitis in the foot? |
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Definition
retrocalcaneal bursitis aka pump bump
back of heel can get exostosis aka callus aka hallux valgus deformity aka exostosis head of 1st metatarsal |
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Term
| What is Heel spur syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Cause of Injury: Direct force or by placing torsional/twisting stresses on bone
Signs of Injury: Difficult to distinguish fracture from sprain in this case
Generally present with swelling, pain, point tenderness and possible deformity
X-ray will be necessary to distinguish fx from sprain
Care; Symptomatic RICE for swelling |
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Term
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Definition
Cause: Fracture of metatarsal caused by inversion or high velocity rotational forces
Most common = base of 5th metatarsal
Sign: Immediate swelling, pain over 5th metatarsal..May feel a “pop”
High nonunion rate and course of healing is unpredictable
Care: Generally requires 6-8 weeks non-weight bearing with short leg cast if non-displaced
If nonunion occurs, internal fixation may be required |
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Term
| Metatarsal Stress Fractures |
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Definition
Cause of Injury = 2nd metatarsal fracture (March fracture)
Change in running pattern, mileage, hills, or hard surfaces
Often the result of structural deformities of the foot or training errors (terrain, footwear, surfaces)
Often associated with Morton's toe
Signs of Injury = Pain and tenderness along second metatarsal
Pain with running and walking
Continued pain/aching when non-weight bearing
Care = Determine cause of injury
Generally good success with modified rest and training modifications (pool running, stationary bike) for 2-4 weeks
Return to running should be gradual over a 2-3 week period with appropriate shoes |
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Term
| Heel spur syndrome is what? |
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Definition
calcaneal spurs or osteophytes, heel spurs are pointed, hooked or shelf-shaped calcium build-ups on the heel bone ...
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain, caused by the inflammation of fibrous tissue running along the sole of the foot |
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Term
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Definition
| any pain in anterior lower leg. AKA medial tibial stress syndrome pain at distal 2/3 of posterior medial tibia. Is a strain of posterior tibialis muscle and fascial sheath at its attachment to the periosteum of the distal tibia during running most likely. Anterior pain can be stress fracture, compartment syndromes, or tendonitis. Can be 2nd pain from faulty foot mechanics tight Achilles complex weaknesss bad shoes bad training running surface change. Maybe only hurt when working out stress can go to fracture See MD Ice massage strength for Achilles complex maybe tape the arch |
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Term
| Mechanism of injury to ankle most common |
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Definition
| The most common mechanism of injury in ankle sprains is an inversion sprain: a combination of plantar flexion and inversion.. santerior tralofibular ligament is the weakest of the 3 lateral ligaments. Injured in inverted and plantarflexed position. |
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Term
| 8. What is the bone that forms the lateral malleolus of the lower leg? |
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Definition
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Term
| Achilles tendon tightness make on susceptible to what injuries? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of the 4 ligaments in the Knee |
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Definition
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments stabilize the knee
Anterior = ACL = prevents tibia from moving forward during squat and
femur from sliding back when leg is extended like wt bearing
And keeps from excess internal rotation
Posterior = PCL = prevents tibia from sliding backwards / femur in squat
and femur from sliding forward when knee is extended,
Medial and Lateral collateral ligaments stabilize against side to side valgus / varus Forces
MCL medial collateral ligament attaches above the joint line on the medial condyle of the femur and inserts well below the joint on the tibia protects from valgus forces applied to lateral side and resist external tibial rotation. 2 parts superficial and deep a thich part of the medial joint capsule the medial meniscus is attached to the deep portion of the MCL.
LCL lateral collateral ligament is attached to the lateral condyle of the femur and to the head of the kibula..resists varus forces from the medial side
The MCL and LCL are the tightest when knee is extended. |
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Term
| Typically mech injury for the anterior cruciate ligament? |
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Definition
pivot and cut basketball and soccer
POP sound. It is not uncommon to have an associated meniscal injury with an ACL tear |
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Term
| Locking catching typical of damage to what structure |
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Definition
| Often the cause of a locked knee is a "bucket handle" meniscus tear. |
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Term
| . Do meniscul tears from rotation when flexing or extending MEDIAL often valgus and rotation turn in, flex and plant foot heal well. |
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Definition
| NO can’t without good blood supply |
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Term
Recommended course of treatments MCL sprain grades 1 2 3
MCL is most common ligament injury to knee. |
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Definition
Medial collateral ligament impact to the outer side of the knee
Grade 1 not torn 30 degrees flexed and outward forced no laxiyy less than 20 % tear no swelling
Grade 2 partial tear severe pain inside need and mod lasity
They may be braced with a knee sleeve or a double-upright hinged knee orthosis, individualized to the patient's discomfort. Crutches are only necessary for a few days. These injuries represent incomplete tears and allow for a rapid return to activities
Grade 3 complete tear laxity wobbly swelling surgery.. brace...rehab 4-8 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
jumping running collisions
iliac crest contusion direct blow to iliac crest with bleeding
One of the most handcapping injuries in sports
can’t rotate trunk or flex thigh w/o pain protection is key to recovery |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of thigh conditions |
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Definition
| pain swelling bruise can’t bend knee much limp |
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Term
| Rank 1st in injuries to thigh is what |
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Definition
contusions bleeding under skin
grade 1 no pain or swelling grade 2 pain, swelling less that 90 degree bend
grade 3 maybe split the fascie muscle herniation spreading bruise restricted bend limp compression 12 hours |
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Term
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Definition
Sports medicine refers to a broad field of healthcare related to physical activity and sport
Defined by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) as multidisciplinary approach to health management or achievement of full potential
Clinical application in these areas is aimed at improving and maintaining functional capacities for physical labor, exercise and sports
Sports medicines generally focuses on areas of performance enhancement, injury care, prevention and management |
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Term
| What causes myositis Ossificabs |
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Definition
) blow to the thigh can cause ectopic bone to form in the muscle myositis ossificans tramatica
bleeding into quad muscle
inflammation surgical remove after a year.. may indicate clotting problem, maybe |
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Term
| Dislocation of the HIP how caused which direction do the dislocations happen? |
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Definition
| traumatic force along the long axis of the femur by falling with when knee is bent.. the appearance of flexed internally rotated thigh with head of femur to the acetabulum. Tears capsule and ligaments..often a fracture too and maybe even avascular necrosis . 2 weeks in bed _+_ crutches for at least a month |
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Term
| What can happen with a hip dislocation? |
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Definition
| Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head which is a pathological process that results from interruption of blood supply to the bone. |
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Term
| Shoulder direction of dislocation most common AKA Glenohumeral dislocation |
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Definition
forced out of capsule anteriorly and downward
it’s from abduction, external rotation and extension that forces the head of the humerus out of the glenoid cavity. Likely to recur …flattened deltoid appearance... immobilize immediately with a sling until it can be relocated |
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Term
| What causes impingement injury of shoulder? |
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Definition
long head of bicep tendon under the coracoacromial arch gets repetitive compression from overhead movement …pain around acromion with arm ovehead. supraspinatus tendon, the subacromial bursa and sports that involve repetitive overhead motions or throwing, such as swimming, surfing, baseball, softball, water polo, and volleyball. In shoulder impingement, however, the rotator cuff and bursa get pinched or impinged underneath the acromion during overhead activities, resulting in pain
Overuse or repetitive irritation of the rotator cuff underneath the acromion can lead to inflammation and swelling of the rotator cuff tendons and overlying bursa (tendinitis and bursitis).
A third factor is shoulder instability, especially in young athletes.
Shoulder impingement is a common condition. Athletes typically experience gradual pain in the front or side of the shoulder that is aggravated by reaching or overhead activities. |
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Term
| Rotator cuff muscles most commonly injured |
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Definition
the supraspinatus
the most common cause of a rotator cuff tear is repeated micro-trauma, which can occur over several weeks months or years. Dynamic rotation overhead
3 other muscles that comprise the rotator cuff, the infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis, may also be injured |
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Term
joint sprain of the
Acromicioclavicular (AC) Joint is caused by what |
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Definition
| A collision falling on outstretched arm grade 2 tear grade 3 rupture and deformity and +++pain |
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Term
| Preseason health exams are done why |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of bandage and taping techniques |
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Definition
| to provide additional support, stabilility, and compression to affected parts of the body |
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Term
| Degrees classification for sprains you can see this |
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Definition
| classification based on injury severity related to the amount of tissue damage and associated functional loss. It categorises muscle injuries into three grades, ranging from grade 1 with no appreciable tissue tear, grade 2 with tissue damage and reduced strength of the musculotendinous unit and grade 3 with complete tear of musculotendinous unit and complete loss of function (swelling, hematoma, red, hot, painful ) |
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Term
| Heat related injury all stroke |
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Definition
Heat stroke is the most serious of the four levels of heat illness. Progressing from dehydration to heat cramps to heat exhaustion without intervention may lead to heat stroke, where the core body temperature exceeds 104 degrees.
Since the common symptoms (nausea, incoherence, fatigue, weakness, vomiting, muscle cramps) of heat exhaustion and heat stroke are similar, it can be hard to tell when a player has crossed that dangerous line. That is why most medical professionals recommend a proactive approach to playing in the heat. Slow acclimation to the heat over several days, planned and regular water breaks, and reduced activity when the heat index rises will help prevent problems. |
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Term
| Injuries that make a popping sound when they happen.. |
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Definition
A “pop” + sudden sharp pain, which suggests a ruptured tendon, GRADE III .. like the Achilles Tendon.. or hamstring tear, or meniscul tear
popping sound at the moment that the sprain occurs. This sound may indicate that one of the four major knee ligaments was torn at the moment of injury, suggesting a more serious (Grade III) sprain. |
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Term
| pain at the outside of the knee may indicate what kind of knee sprain |
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Definition
| LCL lateral collateral ligament sprain, a lateral meniscal tear, and iliotibial band tendonitis |
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Term
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries |
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Definition
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Term
| Medial collateral ligament (MCL) |
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Definition
| a supporting ligament found on the inside of the knee. bending, twisting, and turning movements and collision from |
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Term
meniscus
bucket handle
locked knee |
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Definition
| inner side of the knee (medial meniscus), and one on the outer side of the knee (lateral meniscus) One of the most serious types of meniscus tears is called a bucket-handle meniscus tear. typically causes a locked knee joint. A locked knee occurs when the knee cannot fully straighten from a bent position. Because the bucket handle fragment of meniscus cartilage is displaced into the front of the joint, it prevents the knee from fully straightening. |
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