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First Three Weeks
Tufts D17 Exam V
49
Anatomy
Professional
11/20/2013

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Term
During what weeks is development in the embryo stage?
Definition
From first to 8 weeks
Term
When is it a fetus?
Definition
9th week to birth
Term
What is gametogenesis?
Definition
Formation of gametes,
Term
What is it called when cells arrange into three germ layers?
Definition
gastrulation, ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
Term
What do primordial germ cells do?
Definition
Migrate to developing gonads and turn into spermatogonia or oogonia.
Term
GPCS are diploid what happens after meiosis
Definition
gpcs form gazettes which are haploid
Term
Gazettes that undergo cytoplasmic diffentiation are called?
Definition
spermatozoa andoocytes
Term
Where does fertilization take place?
Definition
ampulla of the oviduct
Term
What is the product of fertilization?
Definition
zygote
Term
After a increase in the number of cells what is formed?
Definition
blastomere. No size increase in embryo
Term
When is there a morula
Definition
After 12-32 blastomeres
Term
Morula undergoes reorganization that results in?
Definition
Inner cell mass (embryoblast) and outer cell mass (trophoblast)
Term
How do you get dizygotic twins?
Definition
Fertilization of 2 ovulate eggs. 2/3.
Term
How do you get monozygotic twins
Definition
An embryo splits 1/3. When the inner cell mass does not completely separate the two embryos occupy a single amnion and are conjoined.
Term
When does the Modula reach the uterus?
Definition
Between 3 and 4 days of development. In 5 days it hatches from zonal pellucid and interacts with endometrium
Term
At approximately day 6 the blastocyst attaches to the endometrium and differentiates between 2 layers
Definition
cytotrophoblast inner layer. And the syncytiotrophoblast outer layer which extends and invades the endometrial connective tissue
Term
What major event has happened by the end of one week
Definition
the blastocyst is implanted in the compact layer of the endometrium and is deriving nourishment from eroded maternal tissue
Term
What is an ectopic pregnancy
Definition
If the blastocyst implants in the peritoneal cavity on the surface of the ovary epithelium responds with increased vascularity. Life threatning
Term
What do the layers reform into
Definition
epiblat I the upper layer of columnar cells. And the hypoblast is te internal lowerlayer of cuboidal cells
Term
Where does fluid collect?
Definition
In between the epiblast and the overlying trophoblast. The epiblast develops into a thin membrane. (amnion)
Term
By what week does the amnion enclose the entire embryo
Definition
8th week
Term
What does the first wave of migrating form?
Definition
Yolk sac
Term
The outer layer of cells form what
Definition
extraembryonic mesoderm which forms the Chorioni c cavity which separates the embryo from the outer wall chorion
Term
What happens by day 12
Definition
The primary yolk sac is displaced which ;is replayed by the secondary yolk sac
Term
By day 13 what suspends the yolk sac?
Definition
The connecting stalk
Term
What does syncytiotrophoblast produce
Definition
Human chronic gonadotropin hCG
Term
As the primary yolk sac forms why appears?
Definition
Lacunae appear and will eventually fill with blood and other fluid from mother
Term
What are chorionic Villi
Definition
extraembyrionic mesoderm associated with cytotrophoblast that penetrates primary villi
Term
By the end of the 3rd week what has developed
Definition
Blood vessels that establish the uteroplacental circulation (tertiary choronic vili)
Term
Ectoderm forms?
Definition
skin
Term
Endoderm?
Definition
Digestive system
Term
Mesoderm?
Definition
Muscles and vessels.
Term
When does gastrulation start?
Definition
Day 15
Term
What are the three parts of the primate streak?
Definition
The primitive groove (in the middle) the primitive node (cranial end) and the primitive pit (dispersion continuous w/ groove
Term
What is called when epiblast comes into touch with primitive streak?
Definition
Ingression
Term
What do epiblast cells do when they travel into the primitive streak?
Definition
Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation
Term
When the hypoblast is displaced during EMT what is formed
Definition
endoderm
Term
epiblast cells continue to migrate between the endoderm and ectoderm and form what?
Definition
mesoderm
Term
What do the 5th population of mesodermal cells that migrate Cranially from the primitive node form?
Definition
notochordal process
Term
What happens if the primitive streak doesn't become insignificant
Definition
sacrococcygeal teratoma, benign tumor that can be removed
Term
What does the ventral layer of the notochord fuse wit?
Definition
Endoderm. Will form the notochordal plate and detached from the endoderm. Free eds fuse as it rolls up ion the space between Endo and ecto
Term
What happens when the notochord doesn't disappear fully?
Definition
Chordoma can develop anywhere along the notochord and can infiltrate bone and muscle.
Term
paraxial mesoderm formed what?
Definition
Face, jaw, and throat
Term
te splanchnic mesoderm forms?
Definition
give coverings of viscera and part of the visceral wall
Term
Somatic mesoderm does what?
Definition
Dorsal layer gives rise to inner lining of body wall and parts of limbs
Term
The remaining epiblast cells that cannot mirage from the
Definition
ectoderm
Term
The two expression in the ectoderm form?
Definition
oropharyngeal membrane (breaks down in 4th week. cloacal membrane (7th week).
Term
Neural plate forms from the
Definition
Ectoderm. It folds in on itself by the 3rd week making the neural tube hitch will be the CNS
Term
Neural crest cells migrate and give rise to?
Definition
ganglia
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