1.A fallacy in which rhetoric seeks to persuade an audience not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for the famous. Example:"When celebrities are paid to say they like something, studies show, it generally translates into increased sales for the companies that hire them." (Bob Greene, "Are Celebrity Endorsements Worthless?" CNN Opinion, April 4, 2010)

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1.An independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea. Example:“I stopped and starting replacing the articles: a bent Masonic emblem, a set of tarnished cufflinks, three brass rings, dime pierced with a nail hole so as to be worn about the ankle on a string for luck, an ornate greeting card with the message, Grandma, I love you in childish scrawl: another card with a picture what looked like a white man in black- faced seated in the door of a cabin strumming a banjo beneath a bar of music”( Invisible Man Ralph Ellison).

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1.- an extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally Example:"I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight" ( MLK I have a Dream Speech).

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1.is the repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse syntactic order Example:“The truth is the light and the light is the truth.” Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man.

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1.- a placement of two things side by side for emphasis Example:"Sometimes people think of modern as machine-made and very cold, and I think natural elements are a nice juxtaposition. I like raw with refined. I like shiny with matte. I like having that yin and yang, if you will. It’s like wearing jeans with a really beautiful shirt, you know?" (Thom Filicia from Loft Life's Q & A: Thom Filicia)

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