Term
| What is the incidenc of Alzheimer's disease in america presently? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 main manifestations of the cognitive defects associated with alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
Memory impairment and one or more of the following:
1. aphasia (language disturbance)
2. Apraxia (inability to carry out motor function)
3. Agnosia (failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function)
4. Dusturbance in the executive functioning (planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting) |
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Term
| What are several factors associated with the deveopment of Alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
| Accumulation of abnormal proteins, genetic mutations, neurotransmitter deficiency, and diminished blood-brain barrier competence. |
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Term
| The amount of amyloid plaques is related to what? |
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Definition
| The degree of mental deterioration. |
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Term
| The presence of what substance leads to the development of amyloid plaques? |
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Definition
| Amyloid precursor protein. This substance is split by enzymes to form short peptide chains called oligomers. |
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Term
| What are tiny fibrils that extend in every direction in the cytoplasm of the neuron cell body, maintaining the shape of the neuron and extending into the axon and dendrite. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are tiny fibrils that extend in every direction in the cytoplasm of the neuron cell body, maintaining the shape of the neuron and extending into the axon and dendrite. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do neurofibrillary tangles first form? |
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Definition
| In the neurons of the hippocampus |
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Term
| Recent memory loss is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cognitive loss in communicating is a characteristic of which stage of AD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cognitive loss in calculating is a characteristic of which stage of AD? |
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Definition
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Term
| anxiety and confusion is a characteristic of which stage of AD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Mild behavior problems such as the ability to initiate and complete a task is a characteristic of which stage of AD? |
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Definition
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Term
| Catastrophic reactions are a characteristic of which stage of alzheimers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sundowning is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Perseveration is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aimless pacing is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Wandering is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Total incontinence is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Choking is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Emaciation is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Total care is needed in which stage of alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Progressive gait disturbances leading to a total loss of ambulatory status is a characteristic of which stage of alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an overexaggerated emotional response initiated as a result of a perceived failure at a task, or a change in the environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| In regards to touching a client going trough a catastrophic reaction, what is the proper procedure? |
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Definition
| Do not touch the mofo without asking permission. |
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Term
| Which type of behavioral interactions should be used for a client experiencing a catastrophic reaction? |
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Definition
| Use positive and therapeutic behavioral interactions. |
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Term
| What should be the first thing done to put the client at ease? |
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Definition
| Assure the client that they are safe. |
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Term
| What should be done in regards to the activity participated in when the catastrophic reaction begins? |
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Definition
| Redirect the client to a less demanding activity. |
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Term
| What should the nurse do if HE cannot stop or minimize the reaction? |
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Definition
* leave the client alone for a while in a quiet, safe place within view of staff or family.
* when readdressing the client, act as if nothing has happened. Redirect conversations to familiar topics. This is known as the "Haha, I tricked you" approach.
* Have one person address the client. Minimize hand gestures and be aware of facial expressions. Speak in a soft, nonthreatening voice while redirecting the conversation or task. |
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Term
| With vascular dementia, are changes rapid or slow? |
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Definition
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Term
| How prevalent is depression in those with alzheimer's disease? |
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Definition
| 40% of people with alzheimer's disease experience some form of depression through the course of the illness. |
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Term
| What is the most distinguishing characteristic of the first stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the client's primary need in the 1st stage of alzheimer's? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does stage 1 usually last? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does AD stage 2 last? |
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Definition
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Term
| When administering a test to a client with AD, how should the questioning be performed? |
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Definition
| Alone with the client to avoid the client recieving hints or help from outside sources. |
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Term
| Where should the client be when interviewing the caregiver? |
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Definition
| Anywhere but in the same room. |
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Term
| When is it permissible to administer a test to a client with AD in secions? |
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Definition
| When the client has become too fatigued, has too short an attention span, or shows signs of anxiety. |
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Term
| When is a routine screening for AD suggested in all persons? |
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Definition
| After 80 y/o. Or all persons older than 65 who show signs of cognitive impairment. |
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Term
| Which assessment tool helps to identify specific stages of dementia? |
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Definition
| FAST (functional assessment staging tool) |
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Term
| What score on a MMSE indicates cognitive impairment? |
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Definition
| Scores equal to or less than 24 |
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Term
| Which assessment tool assesses the client's ability to function in the home? |
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Definition
| The dementia severity rating scale. |
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Term
| Which assessment tool is a 30 item question with simple yes or no questions that is given to clients with AD when they are able to comprehend the questions being asked of them? |
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Definition
| The geriatric depression scale |
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Term
| Which assessment tool is a rapid three item test for the screening of dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which assessment tool combines the clock drawing test with tests of executive functioning, visuospatial functioning, and an object recall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cognitive assessment tool is a 16-item ordinal inventory that measures a person's stage of dementia based on functional abilities? |
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Definition
| The FAST test (functional assessment staging tool) |
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Term
| In which assessment tool are stages 5,6 and seven equivalent to early, middle and late dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It's a pnemonic that stands for perception and organization, attention span, language, memory, emotional control, and reasoning and judgement |
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Term
| According to the omnibus budget reconciliation act, a more formal assessment of a client must be done before what? |
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Definition
| Admission to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) and before administration of any psychotropic medications. |
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Term
| What is the best way to help nursing staff communicate in a systematic way? |
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Definition
| Consistent use of significant quoted statements and regular documented mental status exams. |
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Term
| What type of depression often develops in the client with dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 5 signs and symptoms can assist the nurse in distinguishing depression from delirium and dementia? |
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Definition
1. A variable onset that is abrupt and reversible with treatment
2. Clear sensorium
3. Normal attention span, but the client is easily distracted
4. Selective memory impairment
5. intact thinking, but the client displays hopelessness and helplessness. |
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Term
| What happens when the caregiver responds verbally or physically with more assistance than is necessary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because of their difficulty understanding and expressing themselves, how do people with dementia often manifest their needs and discomfort? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pacing, wandering, inapproptiate socialization, refusal to eat, and hoarding or accusation of theivery are behaviors related what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Day/night reversal, inappropriate eating (too little, too much, non-food items), falls/accidents, and delusions are behaviors resulting from what? |
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Definition
| perceptual/cognitive deficits. |
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Term
| Inappropriate toileting activities, inappropriate sexual behavior (penis/breast display), and disinhibited social behavior (inappropriate jokes, neglecting personal hygeine, exhibiting undue familiarty with strangers) are behaviors that result from what? |
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Definition
| The loss of impulse control |
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Term
| What weight degree of weight change should be noted by the nurse and what should be done? |
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Definition
| Any weight change of 3 to 5 pounds should be noted by the nurse and assessment for treatable problems unrelated to dementia should be made. |
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Term
| Ovserving for distracting lighting, providing compatible seating arrangements, correcting distracting lighting, and providing comfortable furniture are all things a nurse should provide a client during what time? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why might an elderly person significantly decrease oral intake of fluids? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why might it be necessary to perform baseline pain assessments and identify potential pain indicators? |
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Definition
| Because people with cognitive deficits often have problems reporting pain. |
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Term
| Facial expressions, sounds, movements, changes in interpersonal and activity patterns and changes in mental status are indicators of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can a caregiver help to reduce the risk of aspiration during feeding? |
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Definition
| Watch for a swallow after each bite (larynx moves up and down). |
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Term
| As the client becomes more dependent, what must be done after feeding? |
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Definition
| The client must be left in a sitting position for 30 minutes, then the nurse must check for pocketed food before the client is put in a lying position. This prevents silent aspiration in this position. |
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Term
| What other disease processes might a change in gait suggest? |
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Definition
1. vision [roblems, inner ear disturbances, pain from osteoarthritis, or an injurt that the client is not able to identify.
2. Neuropathy resulting from vascular or diabetic problems.
3. General decrease of rigting reflex |
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Term
| Eye blinking, neck jerkin, shoulder shrugging, facial grimacing and coughing are examples of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Imitating another's movements is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| repeating socially unacceptable words is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Repeating one's own sounds or words is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Repeating the last-heard word, sounds or phrases from another person is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most frequent initial tic in tourrette's? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many unsuccessful attempts to researchers estimate there are for every successful adolescent suicide attempt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Behavior modification is frequently used for children of what age group? |
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Definition
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