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Flight Instruments
ASA Chapter 3
154
Aviation
Professional
07/09/2013
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Term
(Refer to figures 27 and 28) What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is -5C?
 Definition
139 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 32) What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +8C?
 Definition
157 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 38) What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +05C?
 Definition
129 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 44) What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +5C?
 Definition
147 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 50) What CAS must be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude (temp 0C)
 Definition
140 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 69) What CAS should be used to maintain the filed TAS if the outside air temperature is +05C?
 Definition
119 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 74) What CAS should be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +5C?
 Definition
133 KCAS
Term
What information does a Mach meter present?
 Definition
the ratio of aircraft true airspeed to the speed of sound.
Term
(Refer to figure 56) What CAS should be used to obtain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +5C?
 Definition
97 KCAS
Term
(Refer to figure 62) What CAS should be used to maintain the filed TAS at the flight planned altitude if the outside air temperature is +15C?
 Definition
96 KCAS
Term
Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?
 Definition
At standard temperature
Term
Under which condition wil pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?
 Definition
When standard atmospheric conditions exist.
Term
Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than actually flown (true altitude)?
 Definition
Air temperature warmer than standard
Term
Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude with an altimeter setting of 29.92" Hg?
 Definition
In colder than standard air temperature.
Term
Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates
 Definition
true altitude at field elevation.
Term
How can you obtain the pressure altitude on flights below 18,000 ft?
 Definition
Set your altimeter to 29.92" Hg
Term
How can you determine the pressure altitude on an airport without a tower or FSS?
 Definition
Set the altimeter to 29.92" Hg and read the altitude indicated.
Term
Which altitude is indicated when the altimeter is set to 29.92" Hg?
 Definition
Pressure
Term
At an altitude of 6,500 feet MSL, the current altimeter setting is 30.42" HG. The pressure altitude would be approximately
 Definition
6,000 ft
Term
The pressure altitude at a given location is indicated on the altimeter after the altimeter is set to
 Definition
29.92" Hg
Term
If the outside air temperature increases during a flight at constant power and at a constant indicated altitude, the true airspeed will
 Definition
increase and true altitude will increase.
Term
Altimeter setting is the value to which the scale of the pressure altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates
 Definition
true altitude at field elevation.
Term
Pressure altitude is the altitude read on your altimeter when the instrument is adjusted to indicate height above
 Definition
the standard datum plane
Term
When an altimeter is changed from 30.11" Hg to 29.96" Hg, in which direction will the indicated altitude change and by what value?
 Definition
Altimeter will indicate 150 ft lower
Term
En route at FL290, the altimeter is set correctly, but not rest to the local altimeter setting of 30.57" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 650 ft and the altimeter is functioning properly, what is the approximate indication upon landing?
 Definition
Sea level
Term
En route at FL290, your altimeter is set correctly, but you fail to reset it to the local altimeter setting of 30.26" Hg during descent. If the field elevation is 134 ft and your altimeter is functioning properly, what will it indicate after landing?
 Definition
206 ft below MSL
Term
Which of the following defines the type of altitude used when maintaining FL210?
 Definition
Pressure
Term
What is the procedure for setting the altimeter when assigned an IFR altitude of 18,000 feet or higher on a direct flight off airways?
 Definition
Set the altimeter to the current reported setting for climb-out and 29.92" Hg upon reaching 18,000 ft.
Term
While you are flying at FL250, you hear ATC give an altimeter setting of 28.92" Hg in your area. At what pressure altitude are you flying?
 Definition
25,000 ft
Term
If you are departing from an airport where you cannot obtain an altimeter setting, you should set your altimeter
 Definition
to the airport elevation
Term
How does a pilot normally obtain the current altimeter setting during an IFR flight in Class E airspace below 18,000 ft?
 Definition
ATC periodically advises the pilot of the proper altimeter setting.
Term
The local altimeter setting should be used by all pilots in a particular area, primarly to provide for
 Definition
better vertical separation of aircraft.
Term
How should you preflight check the altimeter prior to an IFR flight?
 Definition
Set the altimeter to the current altimeter setting. The indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.
Term
How should you preflight check the altimeter prior to an IFR flight?
 Definition
Set the altimeter to the current setting. The indication should be within 75 feet of the actual elevation for acceptable accuracy.
Term
(Refer to figure 83) Which altimeter depicts 12,000 ft?
 Definition
4
Term
(Refer to figure 84) Which altimeter depicts 8,000 ft?
 Definition
2
Term
You check the flight instruments while taxiing and find that the vertical speed indicator (VSI) indicates a descent of 100 ft per minute. In this case, you
 Definition
may take off under IFR and use 100-foot descent as the zero indication.
Term
One characteristic that a properly functioning gyro depends upon for operation is the
 Definition
resistance to deflection of the spinning wheel or disc.
Term
If a 180 steep turn is made to the right and the aircraft is rolled out to straight-and-level flight be visual references, the attitude indicator
 Definition
may show a flight climb and turn
Term
As a rule of thumb, altitude corrections of less than 100 feet should be corrected by using a
 Definition
half bar width on the attitude indicator.
Term
Which condition during taxi is an indication that an attitude indicator is unreliable?
 Definition
The horizon bar tilts more than 5 degrees while making taxi turns.
Term
What pretakeoff check should be made of the attitude indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?
 Definition
The horizon bar should erect and become stable within 5 minutes
Term
During normal operation of a vacuum-driven attitude indicator, what attitude indication should you see when rolling out from a 180 skidding turn to straight-and-level coordinated flight?
 Definition
The miniature aircraft shows a turn in the direction opposite the skid.
Term
During normal coordinated turns, what error due to precession should you observe when rolling out to straight-and-level flight from a 180 steep turn to the right?
 Definition
The miniature aircraft would show a slight turn indication to the left.
Term
Errors in both pitch and bank indication on an attitude indicator are usually at a maximum as the aircraft rolls out of a
 Definition
180 turn
Term
When an aircraft is accelerated, some attitude indicators will precess and incorrectly indicate a
 Definition
climb
Term
When an aircraft is decelerated, some attitude indicators will precess and incorrectly indicate a
 Definition
descent.
Term
While cruising at 160 knots, you wish to establish a climb at 130 knots. When entering the climb (full panel), it is proper to make the initial pitch change by increasing back elevator pressure until the
 Definition
attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 130-knot climb.
Term
While cruising at 190 knots, you wish to establish a climb at 160 knots. When entering the climb (full panel), it would be proper to make the initial pitch change by increasing back elevator pressure until the
 Definition
attitude indicator shows the approximate pitch attitude appropriate for the 160-knot climb
Term
Which initial pitch attitude change on the attitude indicator should be made to correct altitude while at normal cruise in a helicopter?
 Definition
One bar width.
Term
During the initial acceleration on an instrument takeoff in a helicopter, what flight attitude should be established on the attitude indicator?
 Definition
Two bar widths low.
Term
During a stabilized autorotation, approximately what flight attitude should be established on the attitude indicator?
 Definition
Level flight attitude.
Term
The primary reason the pitch attitude must be increased, to maintain a constant altitude during a coordinated turn, is because the
 Definition
vertical component of lift has decreased as the result of the bank.
Term
Prior to starting an engine, you should check the turn-and-slip indicator to determine if the
 Definition
needle is approximately centered and the tube is full of fluid.
Term
What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a left turn while taxiing?
 Definition
The miniature aircraft will show a turn to the left and the ball moves to the right.
Term
What indications should you observe on the turn-and-slip indicator during taxi?
 Definition
The ball moves freely opposite the turn, and the needle deflects in the direction of the turn.
Term
What indication should be observed on a turn coordinator during a right turn while taxiing?
 Definition
The miniature aircraft will show a turn tot he right and the ball moves to the left.
Term
What does the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator directly display?
 Definition
Rate of roll and rate of turn
Term
What indications are displayed by the miniature aircraft of a turn coordinator?
 Definition
Rate or roll and rate of turn.
Term
What indication is presented be the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator?
 Definition
Indirect indication of the bank attitude.
Term
Which instrument indicates the quality of a turn?
 Definition
Ball of the turn coordinator
Term
What force causes the airplane to turn?
 Definition
Horizontal component of lift.
Term
The rate of turn at any airspeed is dependent upon
 Definition
the horizontal component of lift.
Term
When airspeed is decreased in a turn, what must be done to maintain level flight?
 Definition
Decrease the angle of bank and/or increase the angle of attack
Term
During a skidding turn to the right, what is the relationship between the component of lift, centrifugal force, and load factor?
 Definition
Centrifugal force is greater than horizontal lift and the load factor is increased.
Term
What is the relationship between centrifugal force and the horizontal component of lift in a coordinated turn?
 Definition
Horizontal lift and centrifugal force are equal.
Term
When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude?
 Definition
Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the angle of attack
Term
During standard-rate turns, which instrument is considered "primary" for bank?
 Definition
Turn and slip indicator or turn coordinator.
Term
If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how long would it take to turn 360?
 Definition
4 minutes
Term
If a standard rate turn is maintained, how long would it take to turn 180?
 Definition
1 minute
Term
If a half-standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn clockwise from a heading of 090 to a heading of 180?
 Definition
1 minute
Term
During a constant-bank level turn, what effect would an increase in airspeed have on the rate and radius of turn?
 Definition
Rate of turn would decrease, and radius of turn would increase.
Term
If a standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn to the right from a heading of 90 to a heading of 270?
 Definition
1 minute
Term
If a standard rate turn is maintained, how much time would be required to turn to the left from a heading of 090 to a heading of 300?
 Definition
50 seconds
Term
If a half-stand rate turn is maintained, how long would it take to turn 135?
 Definition
1 minute 30 seconds
Term
Rate of turn can be increased and radius of turn decreased by
 Definition
decreasing airspeed and increasing bank
Term
The primary reason the angle of attack must be increased, to maintain a constant altitude during a coordinated turn, is because the
 Definition
vertical component of lift has decreased as the result of the bank.
Term
The displacement of a turn coordinator during a coordinated turn will
 Definition
increase as angle of bank increases
Term
(Refer to figure 144) What changes in control displacement should be made so that "2" would result in a coordinated standard rate turn?
 Definition
Increase left rudder and increase rate of turn.
Term
(Refer to figure 144) Which illustration indicates a coordinated turn?
 Definition
3
Term
(Refer to figure 144) Which illustration indicates a skidding turn?
 Definition
1
Term
(Refer to figure 144) What changes in control displacement should be made so that "1" would result in a coordinated standard rate turn?
 Definition
Increase right rudder and increase rate of turn.
Term
(Refer to figure 144) Which illustration indicates a slipping turn?
 Definition
2
Term
When airspeed is increased in a turn, what must be done to maintain a constant altitude?
 Definition
Increase the angle of bank and/or decrease the pitch attitude.
Term
When airspeed is decreased in a turn, what must be done to maintain level flight?
 Definition
Decrease the angle of bank and/or increase the pitch attitude.
Term
What force cases a helicopter to turn?
 Definition
Horizontal lift component.
Term
What pretakeoff check should be made of a vacuum-driven heading indicator in preparation for an IFR flight?
 Definition
After 5 minutes, set the indicator to the magnetic heading of the aircraft and check for proper alignment after taxi turns.
Term
On the taxi check, the magnetic compass should
 Definition
swing freely and indicate known headings.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from an east heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
 Definition
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from an easterly heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
 Definition
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern hemisphere?
 Definition
The compass will indicate a turn tot he right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
Term
On what headings will the magnetic compass read most accurately during a level 360 turn, with a bank of approximately 15?
 Definition
90 and 270.
Term
What causes the northerly turning error in a magnetic compass?
 Definition
The magnetic dip characteristic.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass when you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
 Definition
the compass will indicate a turn to the left, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the left from a west heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
 Definition
The compass will indicate the approximate correct magnetic heading if the roll into the turn is smooth.
Term
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn tot he left from a north heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
 Definition
The compass will initially indicate a turn tot he right.
Term
(Refer to 143) The heading on a remote indicating compass is 120 and the magnetic compass indicates 110. What action is required to correctly align the heading indicator with the magnetic compass?
 Definition
Select the free gyro mode and depress the clockwise heading drive button
Term
(Refer to figure 143) When the system is in the free gyro mode, depressing the clockwise manual heading drive button will rotate the remote indicating compass card to the
 Definition
right to eliminate left compass card error.
Term
(Refer to figure 143) The heading on a remote indicating compass is 5 degree to the left of that desired. What action is required to move the desired heading under the heading reference?
 Definition
Select the free gyro mode and depress the counter-clockwise heading drive button.
Term
Which practical test should be made on the electric gyro instruments prior to starting an engine?
 Definition
Turn on the electrical power and listen for any unusual or irregular mechanical noise.
Term
If both the ram air input and drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what airspeed indication can be expected?
 Definition
No variation of indicated airspeed in level flight even if large power changes are made.
Term
If both the ram air input and the drain hole of the pitot system are blocked, what reaction should you observe on the airspeed indicator when power is applied and a climb is initiated out of severe icing conditions.
 Definition
No change until an actual climb rate is established, then indicated airspeed will increase.
Term
What indication should a pilot observe if an airspeed indicator ram air input and drain hole are blocked?
 Definition
The airspeed indicator will react as an altimeter.
Term
what would be the indication on the VSI during entry into a 500 fpm actual descent from level flight if the static ports were iced over?
 Definition
the VSI pointer would remain at zero regardless of the actual rate of descent.
Term
If, while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following should the pilot expect?
 Definition
The vertical speed to momentarily show a climb.
Term
During flight, if the pitot tube becomes clogged with ice, which of the following instruments would be affected?
 Definition
The airspeed indicator only
Term
If while in level flight, it becomes necessary to use an alternate source of static pressure vented inside the airplane, which of the following variations in instrument indications should the pilot expect?
 Definition
The altimeter will read higher than normal, airspeed greater than normal, and the VSI will momentarily show a climb.
Term
(Refer to figure 146) Identify the system that has failed and determine a corrective action to return the airplane to straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
Static/pitot system is blocked; lower the nose and level the wings to level-flight attitude by use of attitude indicator.
Term
(Refer to figure 150) What is the flight attitude? One instrument has malfunctioned.
 Definition
Climbing turn to the right.
Term
(Refer to figure 148) What is the flight attitude? One system which transmits information to the instruments has malfunctioned.
 Definition
Climbing turn to the right.
Term
(Refer to figure 149) What is the flight attitude? One system which transmits information to the instruments has malfunctioned.
 Definition
Straight-and-level flight.
Term
(Refer to figure 151) What is the flight attitude? One instrument has malfunctioned.
 Definition
Level turn to the right.
Term
What is the correct sequence in which to use the three skills used in instrument flying?
 Definition
Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control
Term
What are the three fundamental skills involved in attitude instrument flying?
 Definition
Cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control.
Term
what is the first fundamental skill i attitude instrument flying?
 Definition
Instrument cross-check
Term
What effect will a change in wind direction have upon maintaining a 3 degree glide slop at a constant true airspeed?
 Definition
When ground speed increases, rate of descent must increase.
Term
The rate of descent required to stay on the ILS glide slope
 Definition
must be decreased if the ground speed is decreased.
Term
To remain on the ILS glidepath, the rate of descent must be
 Definition
increased if the ground speed is increased.
Term
The rate of descent on the glide slope is dependent upon
 Definition
ground speed
Term
The glide slope and localizer are centered, but the airspeed is too fast. What should be adjusted initially?
 Definition
Power only
Term
During a precision radar or ILS approach, the rate of descent required to remain on the glide slope will
 Definition
increase as the ground speed increases.
Term
what is the third fundamental skill in attitude instrument flying?
 Definition
Aircraft control.
Term
The gyroscopic heading indicator is inoperative. What is the primary bank instrument in unaccelerated straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
Magnetic compass
Term
What instruments are considered supporting bank instruments during a straight, stabilized climb at a constant rate?
 Definition
Attitude indicator and turn coordinator.
Term
What instruments are primary for pitch, bank, and power, respectively, when transitioning into a constant airspeed climb from straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
Attitude indicator, heading indicator, and manifold pressure gauge or tachometer.
Term
What is the primary bank instrument once a standard rate turn is established?
 Definition
Turn coordinator
Term
As power is increased to enter a 500 feet per minute rate of climb in straight flight, which instruments are primary for pitch, bank, and power respectively?
 Definition
Attitude indicator, heading indictor, and manifold pressure gauge or tachometer.
Term
What is the primary pitch instrument during a stabilized climbing left turn at cruise climb airspeed?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator.
Term
What is the primary pitch instrument when establishing a constant altitude standard rate turn?
 Definition
Altimeter
Term
As a rule of thumb, altitude corrections of less than 100 feet should be corrected by using
 Definition
less than a full bar width on the attitude indicator.
Term
What is the initial primary bank instrument when establishing a level standard rate turn?
 Definition
Attitude indicator.
Term
What is the primary bank instrument while transitioning from straight-and-level flight to a standard rate turn to the left?
 Definition
attitude indicator
Term
As power is reduced to change airspeed from high to low cruise in level flight, which instruments are primary for pitch, bank, and power, respectively?
 Definition
Altimeter, heading indicator, and manifold pressure gauge or tachometer.
Term
Which instrument provides the most pertinent information (primary) for bank control in straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
Heading indicator
Term
Which instrument are considered to be supporting instruments for pitch during change of airspeed in a level turn?
 Definition
Attitude indicator and VSI
Term
Which instrument is considered primary for power as the airspeed reaches the desired value during change of airspeed in a level turn?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator.
Term
Which instruments should be used to make a pitch correction when you have deviated from your assigned altitude?
 Definition
Attitude indicator, altimeter, and VSI
Term
Conditions that determine the pitch attitude required to maintain level flight are
 Definition
airspeed, air density, wing design, and angle of attack.
Term
Approximately what percent of the indicated vertical speed should be used to determine the number of feet to lead the level-off from a climb to a specific altitude?
 Definition
10 percent.
Term
To level off from a descent to a specific altitude, the pilot should lead the level-off by approximately
 Definition
10 percent of the vertical speed.
Term
For maintaining level flight at constant thrust, which instrument would be the least appropriate for determining the need for a pitch change?
 Definition
Attitude indicator
Term
To enter a constant-airspeed descent from level-cruising flight, and maintain cruising airspeed, the pilot should
 Definition
simultaneously reduce power and adjust the pitch using the attitude indicator as a reference to maintain the cruising airspeed.
Term
To level off at an airspeed higher than the descent speed, the addition of power should be made, assuming a 500 FPM rate of descent, at approximately
 Definition
100 to 150 feet above the desired altitude.
Term
What instrument(s) is(are) supporting bank instrument when entering a constant airspeed climb from straight-and-level flight?
 Definition
Attitude indicator and turn coordinator
Term
As power is increased to enter a 500 feet per minute rate of climb in straight flight, which instruments are primary for pitch, bank, and power respectively?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator, heading indicator, and manifold pressure gauge or tachometer.
Term
What is the primary pitch instrument during a stabilized autorotation?
 Definition
Airspeed indicator.
Term
While recovering from an unusual flight attitude without the aid of the attitude indicator, approximate level pitch attitude is reached when the
 Definition
airspeed and altimeter stop their movement and the VSI reverse its trend.
Term
During recoveries from unusual attitudes, level flight is attained the instant
 Definition
the altimeter and airspeed needles stop prior to reversing their direction of movement.
Term
(Refer to figure 145) What is the correct sequence for recovery from the unusual attitude indicated?
 Definition
Reduce power, level the wings, bring pitch attitude to level flight.
Term
(Refer to figure 147) Which is the correct sequence for recovery from the unusual attitude indicated?
 Definition
Add power, lower nose, level wings, return to original attitude and heading.
Term
If an airplane is in an unusual flight atittude and the attitude indicator has exceeded its limits, which instruments should be relied on to determine pitch attitude before starting recovery?
 Definition
Airspeed and altimeter
Term
Which is the correct sequence for recovery from a spiraling, nose-low, increasing airspeed, unusual flight attitude?
 Definition
Reduce power, correct the bank attitude, and raise the nose to a level attitude.
Term
If a helicopter is in an unusual flight attitude and the attitude indicator has exceeded its liits, which instruments should be relied on to determine pitch attitude before starting recovery?
 Definition
Airspeed, VSI and alitmeter
Term
Which is the correct sequence for recovery form a spiraling, nose low, increasing airspeed, unusual flight attitude?
 Definition
Correct the bank attitude, raise the nose to a level attitude and reduce power.
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