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| the uncorrected altitude read directly form the altimeter when it is set to the current altimeter setting |
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| the vertical distance of the airplane above sea level; actual altitude. Often expressed as feet about mean sea level (MSL) |
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| True altitude; the vertical distance of the airplane above sea level |
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| feet about mean sea level |
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| the vertical distance of an airplane about the terrain, or above ground level |
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| the altitude indicated when the altimeter setting window (barometric scale) is adjusted to 29,92. Used to compute density altitude, true altitude, true airspeed and other performance data |
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| this altitude is pressure altitude corrected for variations from the standard temperature. |
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| If temperature is above standard, density altitude will be higher or lower than pressure altitude? |
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| If temperature is standard density altitude is the same as what? |
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| measures height above a particular air pressure level and therefore gives the pilot information about his altitude about the ground |
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| an anaeroid barometer that measures atmospheric pressure at the level where it is located, and presents altitude in feet |
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| "Standard" sea level barometric pressure |
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| "standard" sea level free air temperature |
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| what a wing does when an angle of attack is exceeded. Characterized by a progressive loss of lift for an increased angle of attack |
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| the force produced by the engines. It works opposite of and opposes drag. The forward movement that is necessary to sustain flight. |
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| when controls are moved from neutral, it takes a certain amount of pressure to hold them in position in the airflow. This gets rid of the pressure and effectively changes the "center" of the controls |
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| the neutral position where there is no stick change for the primary flight controls |
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| rudder movement in the opposite direction of the bank is used to compensate for what? |
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| consists of the different combinations of factors that allow the aircraft to be flown safely |
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| caused by separation of the airflow from the wing's upper surface, resulting in a rapid decrease in lift |
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| downward airstream deflection as it passes over the wing and past the trailing edge |
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| measures air pressure reading from the pitot tube |
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| airspeed calculated after accounting for the aircraft mechanical and position errors (attitude) |
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| airspeed calculated after compensating for compression effects; usually only needed at speeds over 200 mph |
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| airspeed calculated after accounting for temperature and atmosphere pressure changes |
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| commonly referred to as the flap operating range, since its lower limit represents the full flap stall speed and its upper limit provides the maximum flap speed. |
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Definition
| approaches and landings are usually flown at speeds within what? |
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Term
| lower limit of white arc (Vso) |
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Definition
| the stall speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. In small airplanes, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum landing weight in the landing configuration (gear and flaps down) |
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Definition
| the angle at which the vehicle is inclined about its longitudinal axis with respect to its path |
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| visual flight rules (VFR) |
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Definition
| set of regulation under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going |
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| upper limit of green arc (Vno) |
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Definition
| the maximum structural cruising speed; do not exceed this speed except in smooth air |
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| caution range; fly within this range only in smooth air, and then only with caution |
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| never-exceed speed; operating above this speed is prohibited, because it may result in damage or structural failure |
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| a turn indicator consisting of a liquid filled curved tube with a ball inside and assists in coordination. |
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| Consists of a miniature airplane and horizon bar. Gives instantaneous indication of even the smallest changes in attitude |
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| The only direction seeking instrument in the airplane |
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| heading indicator or directional gyro |
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Definition
| a mechanical instrument to back up and supplement the magnetic compass |
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| straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents |
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Definition
| The four fundamental flight maneuvers on which all flying tasks are based |
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| When making a turn, these bank the wings and so determine the rate of turn at any given airspeed |
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Definition
| Moves the nos of the airplane up or down in relation to the pilot and perpendicular to the wings. Sets the pitch attitude in the turn and "pulls" the nose of the airplane around the turn |
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| controls the engine, which provides thrust that may be used for airspeed to tighten the turn |
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| offsets any yaw effects developed by other controls |
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| In these turns, bank is usually less that about 20 degrees and the inherent lateral stability of the airplane acts to level the wings unless some aileron is applied to maintain the bank |
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Term
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Definition
| these turns result from a degree of bank at which the airplane remains at a constant bank (about 20-45 degrees) |
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| In a steep turn, this overcomes stability and the bank increases unless aileron is applied to prevent it. Changing the direction of the wing's lift toward one side or the other causes the airplane to be pulled in that direction. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a plane is banking into a turn, this continues to act perpendicular to the earth and opposes gravity |
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Term
| horizontal lift component |
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Definition
| when a plane is in a bank, this acts parallel to the earth's surface and opposes inertia |
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Term
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Definition
| When an plane is banked into a turn, the total lifting force acts in what direction to the banked wing of the airplane? |
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| horizontal lift component |
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Definition
| This turns a plane, not the rudder |
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Definition
| The horizontal lift component acts at a right angle to what while a plane is banked into a turn? |
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| In a climb, weight no longer acts in a direction perpendicular to the flight direction, but instead in what direction? |
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| normal climb is sometimes referred to as this |
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| climb performed at an airspeed where the most excess power is available over that required for level flight. Produces the most gain in altitude in the least amount of time |
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| best rate of climb made at full allowable power |
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| a climb performed at an airspeed that will produce the most altitude gain in a given distance. Will result in a steeper climb and the airplane will take longer to reach a given altitude. Usually used in situations as clearing obstacles after takeoff |
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| descent at minimum safe airspeed (MSA) |
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| a nose-high, power-assisted descent method mostly used for clearing obstacles during a landing approach to a short runway. Characterized by a steeper-than-normal descent angle, along with the excess power available. |
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