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Forces in the Earth
Volcanoes and Earthquakes
15
Geology
7th Grade
02/19/2006

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Cards

Term
elastic limit
Definition
The limit to how much pressure an object can withstand and still return to its original shape.
Term
fault
Definition
A fracture within the Earth where rock movement occurs
Term
normal fault
Definition
[image] Rock moves along a fracture caused by tension forces
Term
reverse fault
Definition
http://www.iris.edu/gifs/animations/thrust3.gif

rock is pushed in opposite horizontal directions
Term
shearing forces
Definition
[image] Causes rock to be pushed in opposite horizontal directions.
Term
focus
Definition
The pont in the Earth's interior where seismic waves originate. [image]
Term
epicenter
Definition
The point on the Eart's surface directly above the focus [image]
Term
vent
Definition
Magma flows out through these openings. These opening relieve pressure inside the earth.
Term
cinder cones
Definition
result from explosive eruptions
Term
Types of seismic waves
Definition
P-waves, primary waves, move the fastest

S-waves, secondary waves, slower than primary.

Surface waves also called L-waves, Love waves,named for guy who discovered them, cause the most damage
Term
seismograph
Definition
instrument used to detect and measure earthquake waves
Term
Magma and lava
Definition
Molten, or hot liquefied, rock located deep below the Earth's surface is called magma. When a volcano erupts or a deep crack occurs in the Earth, the magma rises and overflows. When it flows out of the volcano or crack, usually mixed with steam and gas, it is called lava.
Term
shield volcanoes
Definition
built almost entirely of fluid lava flows
Term
composite volcanoes
Definition
composed of explosive eruptions of thick lava, ash, and rocks.
Term
good construction
Definition
Houses that absorb and evenly distribute horizontal shifting fare best in an earthquake. By reinforcing the foundation, floors, walls, and roof with metal and concrete you can improve its ability to withstand lateral and vertical forces.
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