Term
| Biological Species Concept |
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Definition
-Capable of interbreeding and producing offspring
-normally reproductively isolated from other groups |
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Term
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Definition
Mating must occur
-female holds sperm in spermatheca and fertilizes egg as it passes through oviduct
*most common |
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Term
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Definition
No mating occurs
-all offspring are female |
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Term
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Definition
Combination of Asexual and Sexual reproduction
-occurs in few beetles, thrips, Hemiptera and Hymenoptera |
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Term
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Definition
Reproduction by juvenile form
-ovaries mature larvae of females and develop inside female, eventually emerging
-sometimes consumer female while emerging |
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Term
No metamorphosis
(ametabolous) |
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Definition
Cycle: From egg to adult
-Molting continues into adult
-Juvenile and adult reside in same habitat
*silverfish, springtails, bristletails |
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Term
Gradual metamophosis
(paurometabolous) |
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Definition
Cycle: From egg to nymph to adult
-nymph resembles adult except lacks fully formed wings
-shows beginning of wings called Wing Pads
-Adults and nymphs reside in same habitat
*grasshoppers, roaches, bugs |
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Term
Incomplete metamorphosis
(Hemimetabolous) |
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Definition
Cycle: From egg to naiad to adult
-immatures may/may not resemble adult
-wing pads, and tracheal gills
-immatures and adults live in different habitats (water vs air)
*mayflies (ephemeroptera), dragonflies (odonata), Stoneflies (plecoptera) |
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Term
Complete metamorphosis
(Holometabolous) |
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Definition
Cycle: from egg to larvae to pupa to adult
-larvae are very different from adult
*different form, lack compound eye, wings are Imaginal Disks
-pupal stage inactive (cocoons)
-adults and larvae reside in different habitats
*beetles, butterflies, moths, bees wasps |
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Term
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Definition
Single generation cycle in one year
-population is at same growth rate at any time
*praying mantids, ceanothus silk moth |
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Term
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Definition
More than one generation life cycle within one year
-generations overlap between generations
*aphids, house flies, thrips |
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Term
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Definition
Life cycle takes more than on year to complete, some times multiple years
*june beetles |
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Term
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Definition
Very slow developmental period from temporary adverse conditions. *caterpillar on cold day
Occurs in
Summer: aestivation
Winter: hibernation. most common.
-characterized by low metabolism, little to no development
response is not physiological, relies on environmental cues called "Token Stimuli"
-occurs at specific stages of lifecycle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Opening in chorion for sperm to enter |
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Term
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Definition
| Development takes place after egg is laid |
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Term
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Definition
Egg hatches while still inside egg laying organs
*flesh flies |
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Term
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Definition
Larve develop one at a time in specialized "uterus"
-begin adult development after born
*testes fly |
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Term
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Definition
| Immature insect after hatching |
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Term
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Definition
| Immature insect that resides in water after hatching |
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Term
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Definition
Flattened bodies
Long legs
Long antenna
-Neuroptera *aquatics |
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Term
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Definition
| Shorter legs than campodeiform |
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Term
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Definition
-Cylindrical bodies
-Distinct head
-Short legs
--Smooth cuticle
*Tenebrionids |
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Term
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Definition
Typical caterpillars
-cylindrical bodies
-well developed head
-short antennae
*lepidoptera hymenoptera |
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Term
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Definition
Grubs
-cylindrical bodies
-curled into C
*bark beetles |
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Term
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Definition
Maggots
-wormlike bodies with no legs
-may/may not have developed head
*Dipteram Coleoptera, Hymenoptera |
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Term
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Definition
-appendages free
-usually not covered by cocoon
*Coleoptera |
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Term
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Definition
-appendages adhere closely to body
-commonly covered by cocoon |
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Term
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Definition
-encased in hardened cuticle of next to last larval instar
*diptera
-pupa itself is exarate, |
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Term
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Definition
| time interval between molts |
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Term
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Definition
stage between molts
*first instar is in between egg and first molt |
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Term
| Population growth Formula |
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Definition
Nt+1 = Nt + births - deaths + immigration - emmigration
*Nt+1 = population at next time interval |
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Term
| Factors affecting birth rate |
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Definition
Fecundity - rate female produces ova
Fertility - rate female produces offspring
Sex ratio - ratio of males : females |
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Term
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Definition
Rate female produces ova
*factor of birth rate |
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Term
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Definition
Rate female produces offspring
*factor of birthrate |
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Term
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Definition
Ratio of males to females
*factor of birthrate |
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Term
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Definition
-Natural enemies -Aging
-Food shortage -Low vitality
-Lack of shelter -Physiochemical changes
-Accidents |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal everyday movement between feeding and mating habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| Average temperature - minimum developmental threshold |
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Term
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Definition
-Date where tu can begin accumulating degree days
*based on biological event
-* x number of insects in trap |
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Term
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Definition
Least complex
-generally aimed at detection of insects
-presence of insects |
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Term
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Definition
Most common
-numerically define pest |
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Term
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Definition
-measures actual numbers of population
*insects per acre |
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Term
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Definition
-not real numbers
*number of insects per sweep of net |
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Term
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Definition
-generally large easy to see insects
-look at whole plant or part of plant
-count insect per unit area
*25 grape leaves to determine leafhopper count of vineyard
*direct technique |
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Term
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Definition
-Chemical/physical attractant to lure insects
*yellow sticky trap
*pheromones
*direct technique |
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Term
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Definition
-pitt fall trap
*direct technique |
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Term
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Definition
Density of honeydew drops = density of aphids
Density/number of holes in trees from tree borers
*damage may be old, not reflect current population |
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Term
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Definition
Density of honeydew drops = density of aphids
Density/number of holes in trees from tree borers
*damage may be old, not reflect current population |
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