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FULLERS CH. 7
MICROBES AND THE PROCESS OF INFECTION
48
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/10/2013

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Term
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Definition
DISEASE IMMUNITY ESTABLISHEDTHROUGH CELLULAR MEMORY FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO THE DISEASE ANTIGEN.
Term
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Definition
PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES WHICH COMBAT A SPECIFIC DISEASE.
Term
AEROBES
Definition
ORGANISMS THAT FAVOR AN ENVIRONMENT WITH OXYGEN.
Term
ANAEROBES
Definition
ORGANISMS THAT PREFER AN OXYGEN-POOR ENVIRONMENT.
Term
ANAPHYLACITC SHOCK
Definition
A TYPE I HYPERSENSITIVE IMMUNE REACTION THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO PREVIOUS SENSITIZATION TO A SUBSTANCE, USUALLY A PROTEIN.
Term
ANTIBIOTIC
Definition
A CHEMICAL AGENT USED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACTERIAL INFECTION.
Term
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT
Definition
A MICROOGANISM THAT IS ABLE TO RESIST DESTRUCTION BY ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY.
Term
ANTIBODIES
Definition
COMPLEX GLYCOPROTEINS PRODUCED BY THE IMMUNE SYSTEM THAT ARE FORMED IN RESPONSE TO ANTIGENS.
Term
ANTIGENS
Definition
MACROMOLCULES ON THE SURFACE OF CELLS THAT IDENTIFY THEM AS PART OF THE ORGANISM OR FOREIGN.
Term
BACTERIOLOGY
Definition
THE STUDY OF BACTERIA.
Term
CARRIER
Definition
AN INDIVIDUAL WHO HARBORS DISEASE MICROBES AND IS CAPABLE OF TRANSMITTING THE DISEASE TO OTHERS BUT MAY NOT SHOW SIGNS OF THE INFECTION.
Term
CHROMOSOMES
Definition
DOUBLE STRANDS OF SPECIFICALLY PAIRED PROTEINS THAT CONTAIN THE GENETIC CODE OF A CELL.
Term
COMMENSALISM
Definition
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO ORGANISMS IN WHICH ONE USES THE OTHER FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS BUT CAUSES IT NO HARM.
Term
CONTAIMINATED
Definition
A SURFACE, SUBSTANCE, OR TISSUE THAT IS NOT COMPLETELY FREE OF MICROOGANISMS.
Term
CROSS-CONTAMINATION
Definition
THE SPREAD OF INFECTION FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER OR FROM AN OBJECT TO A PERSON.
Term
CULTURE
Definition
THE PROCESS OF GROWING A MICROBE IN A LABORATORY SETTING SO THAT IT CAN BE STUDIED AND TESTED.
Term
CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY
Definition
A TEST IN WHICH A SPECIFIC SAMPLE OF BACTERIA IS GROWN IN THE LABORATORY IN THE PRESENCE OF VARIOUS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS TO TEST HT E BACTERIA'S SENSITIVITY TO THEM.
Term
DEHISCENCE
Definition
SEPARATION OF THE TISSUE EDGES OF A SURGICAL WOUND.  MAY BE PARTIAL OR INVOLVE THE FULL THICKNESS OF THE WOUND.
Term
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
Definition
THE TRANSFER OF MICROBES FROM THEIR SOURCE TO A NEW HOST BY DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT WITHTHE MICROBES.
Term
DROPLET NUCLEI
Definition
DRIED REMNANTS OF PREVIOUSLY MOIST SECRETIONS CONTAINING MICROOGANISMS.
Term
ENTRY SITE
Definition
IN MICRBIAL TRANSMISSION, THE SITES WHERE MICROOGANISMS ENTER THE BODY.
Term
EVISCERATION
Definition
THE PROTRUSION OF AN INTERNAL ORGAN THROUGH A WOUND OR SURGICAL INCISION.
Term
FACULTATIVE
Definition
THE ABILITY OF SOME ORGANISMS TO LIVE WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN.
Term
HOST
Definition
THE ORGANISM THAT HARBORS OR NOURISHES ANOTHER ORGANISM.
Term
IMMUNITY
Definition
THE BODY'S ABILITY TO DEFEND ITSELF FROM "NONSELF" SUBSTANCES.
Term
INFLAMMATION
Definition
THE BODY'S NONSPECIFIC REACTION TO INJURY OR INFECTION THAT CAUSES REDNESS, HEAT, SWELLING, AND PAIN.
Term
INNATE IMMUNITY
Definition
NON-SPECIFIC IMMUNITY PRESENT FROM BIRTH; THE BODY'S NORMAL PHYSIOLOGIC REACTION TO INJURY.
Term
MICROBIOLOGY
Definition
THE STUDY OF MICROBES, OR ORGANISMS THAT REQUIRE A MICROSCOPE FOR OBSERVATION.
Term
MUTUALISM
Definition
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TWO ORGANISMS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES IN WHICH BOTH BENEFIT BY THE ASSOCIATION.
Term
NECROSIS
Definition
TISSUE DEATH.
Term
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
Definition
ANOTHER TERM FOR HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION OR HEALTHCARE-ACQUIRED INFECTION.
Term
NUCLEOLUS
Definition
AN ORGANELLE INSIDE THE NUCLEUS THAT CONTAINS PROTEINS NECESSARY FOR CELL REPRODUCTION.
Term
OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION
Definition
INFECTION OCURRING IN A WEAKENED INDIVIDUAL, USUALLY BY COLONIZATION OF A BACTERIUM THAT DOES NOT USUALLY CAUSE DISEASE.
Term
OSMOSIS
Definition
THE MOVEMENT OF LUQUID THROUGH A SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERNCES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF SUBSTANES IN THE LIQUID.
Term
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Definition
PROTECTION AGAINST A DISEASE BY ANTIBODIES FROM ANOTHER PERSON OR ANIMAL.
Term
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Definition
MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES OR LIQUID BY DIFFUSION OR OSMOSIS.
Term
PATHOGEN
Definition
A DISEASE-CAUSING MICROORGANISM.
Term
PATHOLOGY
Definition
THE STUDY OF DISEASE.
Term
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Definition
A DEFENSIVE MECHANISM IN WHICH A CELL ENGULFS A SUBSTANCE OR ANOTHER CELL.
Term
PILI
Definition
A RODLIKE ATTACHMENT EXTENDING FROM THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT IS CAPABLE OF ATTACHING TO ANOTHER CELL TO TRANSFER GENETIC MATERIAL.
Term
RESIDENT MICROORGANISMS
Definition
THE MICROORGANISMS THAT NORMALLY LIVE IN CERTAIN TISSUES OF THE BODY;  ALSO CALLED NORMAL FLORA.
Term
RIBOSOMES
Definition
THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYTHESIS FOR REPRODUCTION IN THE CELL.
Term
SPIROCHETES
Definition
CURVED OR SPIRAL-SHAPED BACTERIA.
Term
SPORE
Definition
THE HIGHLY RESISTANT DORMANT STAGE OF SOME BACTERIA.
Term
STERILE
Definition
COMPLETELY FREE OF ALL MICROORGANISMS.
Term
SUPPURATIVE
Definition
HAVING DEVELOPED PUS AND FLUID.
Term
VIROLOGY
Definition
THE STUDY OF VIRUSES.
Term
VIRULENCE
Definition
THE DEGREE TO WHICH A MICROORGANISM IS CAPABLE OF CAUSING DISEASE.
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