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| Developed Broca's aphasia in 1848 by a pipe accident through the left hemisphere. |
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| A type of neuron located near the inner surface of the retina of the eye. It receives visual information from photoreceptors via two intermediate neuron types: bipolar cells and amacrine cells. |
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| Theory of pain control and interpretation, the spine acts like a pain control gate. |
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| The psychological development of females and males into their own fully realized sexual identities. |
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| The gender(s), or lack thereof, a person self-identifies as. |
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| The set of social and behavioral norms that are widely considered to be socially appropriate for individuals of a specific sex in the context of a specific culture |
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| The mental set one develops to interpret cultural gender expectations of males and females. |
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| Unfounded misconceptions or generalized assumptions about gender roles |
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| The application of conditioning to similar stimuli (of the CS). |
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| Reinforcers we have come to give value, but are inherently valueless. |
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| generativity vs. stagnation |
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| The 7th Erickson stage, where one feels one has the ability to care and guide the next generation or one has contributed little or nothing to society. |
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| the term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the final stage of human psychosexual development. This stage begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened. Through the lessons learned during the previous stages, adolescents direct their sexual urges onto opposite sex peers, with the primary focus of pleasure of the genitals. |
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| Gestalt principles of perception |
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| Similarity, Proximity or Contiguity, Continuity, Closure, Area, Symmetry |
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a theory of mind and brain positing that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies.
(Whole puzzle instead of pieces) |
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| Performed the "visual cliff" experiment in which animals, and crawling human infants, showed their ability to perceive depth by avoiding the deep side of a virtual cliff. |
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| Performed research on chimpanzees and their similarities to us. |
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| The tendency of babies to grasp things placed in their hands. |
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| Attempts to match like subjects so that the two groups are still at least somewhat comparable. |
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| perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. |
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| hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. |
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| studied the necessity of physical contact in mental development of monkeys (wire mother and cloth mother). |
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| A form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they are being studied, |
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| hemisphere specialization |
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| the specialization of each hemisphere to specific tasks or skills |
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| the passing on of genes or traits |
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| Created dissociation theory of hypnotism |
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| includes the cerebellum , the pons and the medulla |
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| Part of brain responsible for the encoding of new memories. |
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| Consists of frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles, erected over certain values or catagories (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of the observations in the interval. |
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| Studied the transduction of visual stimuli into nerve impulses and won a Nobel Prize. |
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| Psychological perspective that believes humans behave the way they do because they choose to, to fufil their own needs. |
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| a mental state (according to "state theory") or imaginative role-enactment (according to "non-state theory"). It is usually induced by a procedure known as a hypnotic induction, which is commonly composed of a long series of preliminary instructions and suggestions. |
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| controls body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian cycles. |
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| An educated inference as to the cause of a phenomena without prior research. |
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| the failure to achieve ego identity during adolescence, and know "who you are". |
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| identity vs. role confusion |
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Erikson's 5th Stage of Psychosocial Development, Adolescents explore variation in identities they see others express/model,
and they then test out how the culture reacts to their own (trial) expressions of these identities. |
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| misconstruing the true appearance of a stimuli that may be present. |
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| The hardwiring of traits or knowledge into offspring. |
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| Erickson's 4th stage: Describes conflict between child's belief that they have skills and their belief that they aren't as competent in things as their peers. |
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| information processing theory |
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| the idea that humans process the information they receive, rather than merely responding to stimuli. |
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| statistics that tell us when to apply results to a larger population. |
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| Erickson's 3rd stage: Does the individual feel they are good or they are bad? |
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| attachment style where the child is displeased with the mother's departure, but also angry by her return. |
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| Developed by Wolfgang Kohler, describes the sudden learning of a necessary skill |
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| the inability to fall asleep |
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| The tendency of animals to disobey conditioning and follow their natural instincts |
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| Erickson's 8th stage: The individual has a conflict between feeling they lived a good life, or that they wasted their life and develop dementia |
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| the vestibular and kinesthetic senses are known as: |
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| neurons that relay messages within the brain to other neurons within the brain |
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| The overlapping of objects producing illusions of depth, where the overlapped object is further aways. |
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| Erickson's 6th stage: Will I be alone, or will I find love and balance it with my social life? |
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| responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. |
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| Wrote the Principles of Psychology and advocated Functionalism |
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| Just noticeable difference |
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| The smallest detectable difference in a stimuli's intensity. |
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| Defect of Males having at least two X chromosomes and at least one Y chromosome. Because of the extra chromosome, individuals with the condition are usually referred to as "XXY Males" |
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| The inventor of the 3 stages (preconventional, conventional, postconventional) of moral development. |
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| Kohlberg's levels of moral development |
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| The three stages of Kholberg's theory (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)are called: |
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| Developed insight learning, where we suddenly discover solutions to problems |
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| the 5th Fruedian psychosexual stage, where one's sexual energies are dormant. |
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| The hidden psychological meaning of a dream. |
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| Developed by Edward Tolman, describes the learning we do without realizing it, where the learnt material just appears when needed. |
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| Lateral Genticulate Nucleus (LGN) |
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| The primary processing center for visual information received from the retina of the eye. It is found inside the thalamus of the brain, and is thus part of the central nervous system. |
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| the view that clinical depression and related mental illnesses result from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation. |
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| A condition that occurs if rewards come without effort; a person never learns to work. |
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| occurs even though a person knows that an illness occurred because of a virus, not because of food. It does not matter; the body jumps to the conclusion that the food was bad, and the food becomes repulsive to us. |
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The following refers to which brain dominance? Hemisphere preference when it comes to interpreting the world:
Logical
Sequential
Rational
Analytical
Objective
Looks at parts |
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| By changing shape, functions to change the focal distance of the eye so that it can focus on objects at various distances, thus allowing a sharp real image of the object of interest to be formed on the retina. |
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| surgical damage of brain tissue |
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| Levinson's theory of male development |
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Definition
Stages:
1.Entering the Adult World
2.The Age-Thirty Crisis
3.Settling Down
4.Midlife crisis
5.Middle Adulthood |
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| A depth cue relating to parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to get closer together or converge. |
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| The child used to learn to fear white fluffy things in John Watson's experiments. |
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| A study where people are monitored over a set interval of time, for a period of time to observe changes in their behaviors with time. |
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| The remembered content of a dream or fantasy, as contrasted with latent content, which is concealed and distorted. |
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Created identity profiles for adolescents:
Identity Diffusion
Identity Foreclosure
Identity Moratorium
Identity Achievement |
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| The process of the natural development of inborn skills in human children, like walking and speaking. |
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| the average of a set of data |
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| the middle most value in a set of data organized by value |
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| practices in which the person themselves trains his or her mind or self-induces a mode of consciousness in order to realize some benefit, usually by closing their eyes and focusing. |
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| Contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic, involuntary functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. |
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| The first menstrual cycle of a woman. |
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| A reproductive stage in females characterized by their inability to release eggs for child bearing. |
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| s a psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them. |
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| The brain location that contains only the reticular activation system. |
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| Guy that proved the fake electric shock experiment that proved our blind obedience to authority. |
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| the most reoccurring piece of data/number in a data set |
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| any philosophical view which holds that there is unity in a given field of inquiry, where this is not to be expected. |
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| Cues that can be processed by just one eye: Relative Size, Texture Gradient, Linear Perspective, Interposition cues. |
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| The reflex of infants that activates when they are startled and turn in the direction of the disturbance, spread there limbs, then contract into fetal position. |
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| The movement cortex located in the frontal lobe. |
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| the development of motor associated functions is called: |
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| magnetic resonance imaging: produces a magnetic field showing a detailed picture of the body. |
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go to:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M%C3%BCller-Lyer_illusion.svg |
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| The casing on the axon of a neuron that act as an insulator and multiplier of electric energy. |
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| A chronic sleep condition characterized by falling asleep suddenly. |
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| observing something to gain knowledge of how it operates in its own environment. |
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| The inborn behavior and genetic predispositions of a being. |
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| Having trouble seeing near objects, but seeing far ones easily. |
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| Taking something pleasant away to stop a behavior |
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| Data that has a lower tail, meaning with outliers on the lower end and concentrated mostly on the higher end. |
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| removing an unpleasant stimuli to encourage a behavior |
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| Believing in Freudian psych, but with newer twists |
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| an organ system containing a network of cells called neurons that coordinate the actions of an animal and transmit signals between different parts of its body. |
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| The anatomy and structure of the human brain. |
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| an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. |
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| The study of the nervous system |
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| endogenous chemicals which transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse. |
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| parasomnia disorder characterized by extreme terror and a temporary inability to regain full consciousness during sleep. |
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| a dream that can cause a strong negative emotional response from the sleeper, typically fear and/or horror. |
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| The consciousness that holds ones ideas which one can't quite remember. |
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| Acts as both neurotransmitter and hormone |
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| a curve with a bell shaped distribution |
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| A symbol representing a value |
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| one's upbringing and environment |
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| recognizing the presence of an object, despite the object being hidden. |
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