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| In 1820, the compromise was produced. During this time, there were 11 slave states and 11 free states. This made Missouri a slave state and Maine a free state. This compromise also established the rule which states there is no slavery above 36'20 N latitude. This is called the Mason-Dixon line. |
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California wanted to become a free state because of the amount of people that were living there for the California Gold Rush. The balance would be interrupted if California became a free state with no new slave state. As a result, Henry Clay established this compromise in 1850. Because of the fact that John C. Calhoun, who wanted no limits on slavery, and president Zachary Taylor didn't want the compromise to be put into action, the Great Debate occurred. After both Calhoun and Taylor died, the new president, Millard Fillmore, favored the compromise.
The compromise states that California comes as a free state. Also, it prohibits DC to sell slaves, but owners can keep the amount of slaves they have. Another component in the compromise is Texas gave up annexing New Mexico. New Mexico and Utah use popular sovereignty to decide whether to be a free state or a slave state. Georgia's platform, or stance, in the compromise was the state will ratify the compromise if the Fugitive Slave Act is passed. Thus, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed. |
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| Steven Douglas made this act into action. It created two states, Kansas and Nebraska, by using popular sovereignty. Proslavery people and free soilers fought because of this act. Because of this, Bleeding Kansas became the name of this act. |
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| He was a white abolitionist. In 1859, he and 21 black and white men went to Harpers Ferry, Virginia to steal weapons from a federal arsenal. He did this so he could revolt against slave owners. Harpers Ferry is now a city in West Virginia. He and the men were captured by Robert E. Lee and were hanged for treason. |
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| There were four parties in this election which was unusual because usually there are only two parties in an election. One of the parties were the Northern Democrats and their candidate was Steven Douglas of Illinois who believed in popular sovereignty. The Southern Democrats nominated John Breckenridge from Kentucky who believed that slavery should be in all territories. The Whigs, who are now called the Constitutional Union party, picked John Bell from Tennessee who supported the Union. The last one was the Republicans who picked Abraham Lincoln from Illinois. He wanted four things and they were: the railroad, free western land, protective tariff, and not to end slavery in existing states to keep the Union together. In the end, Lincoln won even though, he had no electoral votes from the Southern States. |
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| Confederate States of America |
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| First, South Carolina leaves the Union on December 20th, 1860. Next, Georgia leaves on January 19th, 1861. After that, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas leave at the same time on February 2nd, 1861. Their 1st capital was Montgomery, AL. This was the place where these states met to discuss the leaders. The president was Jefferson Davis of Mississippi, the vice president was Alexander Stephens of Georgia, and the secretary of state was Robert Toombs of Georgia. |
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| It all started when John Marshall discover gold on John Sutter's farm in 1848. The president, James K. Polk confirmed this discovery. In 1849, 80,000 people came in hopes to find a fortune in California. The people that came there in 1849 were called 49ers because most people came in 1849. Because of this, California wanted to become a state. |
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| John Brown conducted the raid on Harpers Ferry, VA. Frederick Douglas was a former slave and he spoke out against slavery. Harriet Tubman was a famous conductor of the Underground Railroad. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom's cabin which expressed the current slaves as individuals rather than a group. Lastly, William Lloyd Garrison wrote "the Liberator". |
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| In 1824, John Quincy Adams tries to buy Texas, but fails. In 1828, Andrew Jackson tries to buy the same plot of land, but he fails, too. In 1833, 190 people were killed at the Alamo building by Santa Anna. In the same year, 350 people were executed by Santa Anna. In 1845, however, Texas is added as a slave state. |
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| Differences between North and South |
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| The North wanted to get rid of slavery, while the South wanted to keep it going. The South believed in states' rights while the North did not. The North was based factories, while the South was based on agriculture. The North wanted high tariffs to tax the South on imported and exported goods, while the South wanted low ones to trade with Great Britain and France. The North had large cities and the South did not. The North had private schools, an established school system, dame schools, and field schools, but the South only had private tutors or studied abroad and only few families had the money to send their children to these services. Finally, both sides thought they were their lifestyle and beliefs were the best. |
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