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GCSE ICT
Flashcards on course of ICT
115
Library Information Skills
12th Grade
05/16/2016

Additional Library Information Skills Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Data
Definition
Numbers and letters without purpose
Term
Information
Definition
Data with meaning and purpose
Term
Open questions
Definition
Gives an answer that expresses an opinion
Term
Closed questions
Definition
Gives an option
Term
Database
Definition
Collection of information held together in an organised way.
Term
Paper based database e.g. Address, phone book and yellow pages.
Definition
Disadvantages: Storage, Time consuming, Hard to amend or change and information could get destroyed.
Term
Computerised databases e.g. Search engines, electronic registers, police.
Definition
Advantages: Hold lots of data, fast to find info, Easily amended, Make backups, Stored safely and preform analysis on data.
Term
Field
Definition
Single piece of data
Term
Record
Definition
Collection of fields
Term
Data redundancy
Definition
Repeating data unnecessarily
Term
Flat file database
Definition
All data stored in one large table
Term
Relational database
Definition
Data is split up into groups then separate tables are made.
Term
Primary key
Definition
Key that uniquely identifies a field.
Term
Text, numbers, symbols is Alphanumeric.
Definition
E.g. Forename, Address, Phone numbers.
Term
Number (whole or decimal)
Definition
E.g. 15, 12.35
Term
Currency (£, $ and two decimal places)
Definition
E.g. £5.95, $21.35
Term
Date/time
Definition
Long date, Medium date, short date.
Long time, Medium time, Short time.
Term
Autonumber
Definition
Automatically increases by 1 as each record is added.
Term
Logical, Boolean, Yes/No
Definition
Restricted to two choices.
Term
Hyperlinks
Definition
E.g. Email, websites and email addresses.
Term
Validation rules
Definition
Don't make mistakes e.g. Length check and presence check.
Term
Data Integrity
Definition
Correctness of data and measures to ensure correctness.
Term
>
Definition
Greater than
Term
<
Definition
Less than
Term
=
Definition
Equal to
Term
<>
Definition
Not equal to
Term
>=
Definition
Greater than or equal to
Term
<=
Definition
Less than or equal to
Term
Manual Input devices
Definition
Scanner, Track ball, Light pen, Digital camera, Qwerty keyboard, mouse and touch pad.
Term
Direct data entry devices
Definition
Barcodes, Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, Optical Mark Reader, Optical Character Reader and magnetic strip.
Term
Copyright and Patents Act
Definition
Prevents ideas being stolen from rightful inventors, covers the software and the code.
Term
Single user licence
Definition
One copy of software per machine
Term
Multiple user licence
Definition
Mostly used by companies. Multiple copies of the software.
Term
Site licence
Definition
As many copies as user wants as long as it's on the same site.
Term
Software leases
Definition
Pay annual payment, not owned but gets upgrades of the software.
Term
Freeware
Definition
Free but usually older versions of the software.
Term
Shareware
Definition
Try it before you buy it.
Term
Uploaders
Definition
People who make tracks available for download
Term
OCR
Definition
Optical Character Recognition. Uses scanner to produce image of a document.
Term
OMR
Definition
Optical Mark Recognition. Software recognises position of black marks, good for marking tests.
Term
MICR
Definition
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition. Used by banking industries.
Term
CRT
Definition
Cathode Ray Tube. Bulky, Glass screen, gives off heat, loud.
Term
TFT
Definition
Thin Film Transmitter. Replaced CRTs, looks nicer, less space, less heat, quicker, easier to damage, colour and contrast not as good.
Term
Laser printer
Definition
Quiet, high quality, large number of sheets printed, expensive, bulky.
Uses toner fused on paper by heat and pressure.
Term
Ink Jet Printer
Definition
Cheap, Black and white and colour, Home use, More compact, Noisier than laser, Ink can smudge or dry out.
Uses cartilages of ink, flows through nozzle.
Term
Dot-matrix printer
Definition
First type, 'Impact printer', Noisy, gives carbon copies, Cheap, robust, slow, poor quality. Print head has grid of pins that hits a carbon ribbon.
Term
Plotters
Definition
Type of printer that draws images using a lower able pen. Used by Engineers, architects and map makers.
Term
Flatbed Plotters
Definition
Hold paper still while pen moves.
Term
Drum Plotters
Definition
Roll paper over a cylinder.
Term
Pinch-roller Plotters
Definition
Mixture of Flatbed and drum plotters.
Term
LEDs
Definition
Light Emitting Diodes
Term
1 byte
Definition
8 bits. Represented as 0 or 1.
Term
ROM
Definition
Read Only Memory. Non-volatile. Used in operate systems and is known as BIOS software.
Term
RAM
Definition
Random Access Memory. Volatile. Part of RAM allocated for clipboard.
Term
CACHE
Definition
Special type of memory. Part of CPU. Smaller than main memory, Processor checks cache before main memory.
Term
Hard Disk
Definition
Storage device. Magnetic read and write head creates 1 and 0s. 120 GB.
Term
Floppy Disks
Definition
1.44 MB. Needs formatted before use. Portable.
Term
Zip Drives
Definition
100 MB. Data is compressed. needs separate drive.
Term
CD-ROM
Definition
Compact Disk-Read Only Memory. Once data has been burned can't be wiped. Optical Storage devices. 650 MB.
Term
CD-RW
Definition
Read and write to the optical disk. Read normal CD-ROMs. Two types of CD-ROMs: WORM (Write Once Read Many). Magneto (similar to hard drive).
Term
DVD
Definition
Digital Versatile Disk. Optical storage device. 4.7GB. Record 120 mins. Read by CD-ROM disks.
Term
Magnetic Tape
Definition
Terabytes of data. Relatively cheap, Long time to back up.
Term
Tape Streamer
Definition
Digital audio tape. Magnetic medium. 60 GB. Used for backup.
Term
Flash Drives
Definition
Uses USB plug to connect to computer. Similar to RAM, behaves like ROM. 512 MB to 4 GB.
Term
Blu-Ray
Definition
Optical storage medium, huge definition graphics. Huge capacity.
Term
Flash Memory
Definition
Solid state memory, memory sticks based on flash memory.
Term
Virtual memory
Definition
Uses computers hard drive to store some data that would have been stored in RAM.
Term
Network
Definition
Group of computers connected together.
Term
LAN
Definition
Local Area Network, fairly close together generally in same building.
Term
WAN
Definition
Wide Area Network, spread over larger area. Use global communications to connect the computers. E.g. Internet.
Term
Virus
Definition
Small piece of software that reproduces by attaching itself to other programs.
Term
HTML
Definition
Hyper Text Markup Language. Code web pages are written in.
Term
Website
Definition
Collection of webpages on a particular topic.
Term
Web page
Definition
Document written in HTML code.
Term
Hyperlink
Definition
Picture or text that takes you to another page.
Term
Hot spot
Definition
Area on a webpage that lets you jump to another page.
Term
Data Logging
Definition
Use of sensors to measure and record data at regular intervals.
Term
Sensor
Definition
Detects and measures a physical quantity.
Term
MMORPG
Definition
Massive Multiplayer Online Role Play Gaming. Take on roles of fictional characters.
Term
Computer Misuse Act (1990)
Definition
Designed to stop unauthorised access.
Term
Health and Safety At Work Act
Definition
Employers have to look after health and safety of employees.
Term
File Format
Definition
Way a file is stored.
Term
CVS files
Definition
Comma, Separated, Values. Imported directly into spreadsheets or databases.
Term
RTF
Definition
Rich Text File. Transfer data between different applications.
Term
JPEG
Definition
Joint Photographic Experts Group. Graphics image file.
Term
MPEG
Definition
Moving Picture Experts Group. File format for moving pictures.
Term
TIFT
Definition
Tagged Image File Format. Stores bitmapped images.
Term
GIF
Definition
Graphics Interchange Format. Holds small compressed images.
Term
TXT
Definition
Text file. Formats like bold.
Term
ASCII
Definition
American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Plain text file.
Term
MIDI
Definition
Musical Instrument Digital Interface. Sound files.
Term
MP3
Definition
Compressed CD quality music files.
Term
Data Compression
Definition
Makes files take up less space or bandwidth.
Term
Lossy Compression
Definition
Some data is deleted but it isn't detectable.
Term
Internet
Definition
Collection of computers.
Term
URL
Definition
Uniform Resourse Locator
Term
Web Browser
Definition
Software package that allows access to the Internet.
Term
ISP
Definition
Internet Service Provider. Company that provides Internet access for a monthly fee. E.g. BT, SKY.
Term
MODEMS
Definition
MOdulator DEModulators. Connects computer to telephone line.
Term
Bandwidth
Definition
Rate that data can be transmitted down a communications line in a given period od time.
Term
PTSN
Definition
Public Telephone Service Network. Dial-up connection.
Term
ADSL
Definition
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (broadband).
Term
ISDN
Definition
Integrated Services Digital Network. Must dial-up to connect.
Term
Fibre Optic Cable
Definition
Fibres of glass carry signals as pulses of light.
Term
Wireless
Definition
NO cables, can connect from anywhere in the world.
Term
Transmission Control Protocol.
Definition
Protocol used on the Internet.
Term
Router
Definition
Piece of hardware which connects a LAN to the Internet.
Term
Intranet
Definition
Private Network website within an organisation.
Term
Blind Carbon Copy (BCC)
Definition
Recipients can't see the other recipients email.
Term
Carbon Copy
Definition
Recipient receives a copy of all the recipients.
Term
Batch Processing
Definition
Large collection of similar transactions put together over a period of time and processed in one go.
Term
Masterfile
Definition
Collection of records containing info on customers.
Term
Transaction file
Definition
Collection of transaction records containing info about aspects of records held in the Masterfile.
Term
Real Time Processing
Definition
Transaction are captured and processed almost simultaneously.
Term
Graphic
Definition
Any image-related file still or animated.
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