Term
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Definition
| surrounds cell and regulates passage of materials in and out of cell |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that have distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions |
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Term
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Definition
| double layer of lipid between two protein layers |
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Term
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Definition
| model consists of fluid bilayer of phosopholipid molecules in which the proteins are embedded like mosaic tiles |
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Term
| Integral Membrane Proteins |
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Definition
| proteins that are firmly bound to plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that extend completely through the membrane (only some integral membrane proteins do this) |
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Term
| Peripheral Membrane Proteins |
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Definition
| proteins not embedded in the lipid bilayer |
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Term
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Definition
| when proteins have sugars added to them when they pass through the ER lumen |
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Term
| Selectively Permeable Membrane |
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Definition
| membranes that allow some but not all substances to pass through them |
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Term
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Definition
| systems of these move ions, amino acids, sugars, + other polar molecules through the membranes |
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Term
Carrier Proteins
(Transporters) |
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Definition
| proteins that bind the ion or molecule and other needed polar molecules and help it undergo shape change to get across the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| ATP binding cassette type of carrier proteins, use ATP hydrolysis to transport some ions, molecules, etc. across the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins that form tunnels/pores through the membrane to facilitate passage of substances |
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Term
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Definition
| transmembrane proteins that allow various solutes or water to pass through membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| transmembrane proteins that function as gated water channels in the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Physical process by which substances pass in or out of cells and move about cells |
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Term
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Definition
| establishes when particles are not evenly distributed throughout an area |
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Term
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Definition
| reached when particles are not added to or removed from the system |
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Term
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Definition
| when small nonpolar solute molecules move directly through the biological membrane down their concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| kind of diffusion that involes the net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure that must be exerted on the side of a selectively permeable membrane containing the higher concentration of solute to prevent osmosis from the side containing the lower solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| when 2 solutions have the same solute concentration; when cell is placed in fluid with exactly the same osmotic pressure and the cell neither swells nor shrinks |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounding fluid has greater concentration (higher osmotic pressure) than concentration within the cell; cell shrinks |
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Term
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Definition
| When outside solution has lower concentration of solute (lower osmotic pressure) that the cell itself; the cell swells |
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Term
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Definition
| pressure of cell contents against cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| process of plasma membrane separating from the cell wall (occurs when the cell loses water to its surroundings and contents shrink) |
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Term
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Definition
| when specific transport protein makes the membrane permeable to a particular solute (ion/molecule) |
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Term
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Definition
| artificial vesicles surrounded by phospholipid bilayers |
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Term
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Definition
| transport requiring cell to expend metabolic energy directly ot power the process of pumping materials from a region of low to high concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| found in all animal cells; example of active transport pumping substances against the pressure gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| established by unequal distribution of ions inside the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| separation of charges across plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| carrier proteins that transport one type of substance in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
| carrier proteins that move two types of substances in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
| carrier proteins that move 2 substances in opposite directions |
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Term
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Definition
| moves solutes across a membrane by indirect active transport |
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Term
| Indirect Active Transport |
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Definition
| active transport with energy provided indirectly by cotransport systems |
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Term
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Definition
| vesicles export large molecules by fusion of vesicle with plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of processes that relate to materials being taken into the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| "cell eating"; when cell ingests large particles such as bacteria and food |
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Term
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Definition
| "cell drinking"; cell takes in dissolved materials formed by tiny fluid droplets trapped in the plasma membrane folds |
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Term
| Receptor-mediated Endocytosis |
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Definition
| when specific molecules combine with receptor proteins in the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| molecule that binds specifically to a receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| connect cells of an epithelial sheet |
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Term
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Definition
| points of attachment between cells that hold cells together at one point |
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Term
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Definition
| cement cells together by cadherins forming a continuous adhesion belt around each cell and binding each cell to neighboring cells |
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Term
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Definition
| seal off intercellular spaces between some animal cells by using areas of tight connections between the membranes of adjacent cells |
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Term
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Definition
| allow the transfer of small molecules and ions between cells; like desmosomes in that it bridges the space between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| channels 20-40nm wie through adjacent cell walls, connect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow cylindrical structure within the plasmodesmata which runs through the channel and connects the smooth ER of two adjacent cells |
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