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| Homologous chromosome pair |
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| a pair of matching chromosomes in an organism, with one being inherited from each parent. |
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| an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait |
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| an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait |
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| F1=first filial F2=second filial |
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| diagram showing the gene combination that might result from a genetic cross |
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| offspring of crosses between parents with different traits |
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| the one pair of alternative alleles that masks the effect of the other when both are present in the same cell or organism |
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| producing little or no phenotype effect when occurring in heterozygous conditions with a contrasting allele |
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| sequence of DNA codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
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| one of a number of different forms of a gene |
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| a form of intermediate inheritance where heterozygous offspring show a phenotype that is between the phenotype of the two homozygous parents |
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| situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism |
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| change in DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
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| organism that has inherited a genetic trait or mutation, but who does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease |
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| autosomal chromosome; chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes |
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| threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed form one generation of the cell to the next |
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| set of photographs of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs |
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| The presence of 2 or more alleles for a gene |
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| traits determined by sex-linked genes which are genes located on or linked to the X chromosome. autosome=all other chromosomes except the sex chromosomes |
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| Non- disjunctional disorder |
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| the failure of chromosomes to seperate in Meiosis. Gametes end up with more or less than the normal number of chromosome |
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| Two or more genes control a trait |
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| Mendel's principle of independent assortment |
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| states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. It helps account for the many genetic variation observed in plants, animals, and other organisms. |
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| Why is there a chance that half of the zygotes will be 46,XX and half will be 46,XY? |
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| all human egg cells carry a single X chromosome(23,X). However half of all sperm cells carry an X chromsome(23,X) and half carry a Y chromsome(23,Y). This ensures that just about half of the zygotes will be (46,XX) and half will be (46,XY) |
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| A pedigree is a chart which shows the relationships within a family |
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