Term
| Law of Independant Assortment |
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Definition
| Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation if they are not on the same chromosome |
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Definition
| plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate. |
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| in genetics, the mating or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties |
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Term
| Heterozygous x Heterozygous= |
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Definition
| 1/4 DD (dominant) +1/2 Dd + 1/4 dd (recessive) |
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Term
Heterozygous x Homozygous= |
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Definition
| 1/2 dominant + 1/2 recessive |
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Definition
| is the breeding of a recessive homozygote with an organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype. |
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| Chromosome Theory of Inheritance |
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Definition
Mendelian genes have specified loci (positions) on chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment.
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| genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses. |
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| -a genetic map based on recombination frequencies. |
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| when a chromosomal fragment, lacking a centromere is lost. The affected chromosome is then missing certain genes. |
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Definition
| If meiosis is in progress, such a “deleted” fragment may become attached as an extra segment to a sister chromatid. |
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Definition
| a chromosome fragment that reattached to the original chromosome in reverse orientation |
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Definition
| a chromosome fragment joins a nonhomologous chromosome |
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| an enzyme that transcribes an RNA template into DNA, providing an RNAà DNA information flow, the opposite of the usual direction. |
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Definition
| plant is infected from an external source of the virus. Plants that have been damaged from weather, injury, or insects are the most susceptible. |
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Definition
| plant inherits a viral infection from a parent. Asexual propagation or sexual by infected seeds. |
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Definition
| the alteration of a bacterial cells genotype and phenotype by the uptake of naked, foreign DNA from the surrounding environment. |
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| phages (viruses that infect bacteria) carry bacterial genes from one host cell to another as a result of aberrations in the phage reproductive cycle. |
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| the direct transfer of genetic material between 2 bacterial cells that are temporarily joined |
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Definition
| a cluster of bacterial genes along with an adjacent promoter that controls the transcripton of those genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains short, specific nucleotide sequences that signal the start of a gene and is the site where RNA polymerase starts transcription. |
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Definition
| regions of DNA that interact with regulatory proteins that control the transcription operons. |
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Definition
| repressor; keeps RNA polymerase from transcribing the structural genes;inhibits transcription of the lac operon |
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Definition
| conversion of the mRNA message into a polypeptide |
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Definition
| conversion of the DNA code into an mRNA message |
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Term
| One gene--one polypeptide hypothesis |
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Definition
| The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain is specified by one gene |
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Definition
DNA triplets that are transcribed to corresponding mRNA sequences |
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Definition
| RNA transcript is modified before translation |
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Definition
| site on tRNA that binds to the correct codon on mRNA |
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Definition
| act to match the right amino acid to the right mRNA codon |
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