Term
| Is the same strategies used for eukaryotes in gene mapping also used for bacteria? |
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Definition
| Yes, crosses are made between strains that differ in genetic markers and recombinants |
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Term
| Whare are the three process that genetic material can be transferred between bacteria ? briefly describe each |
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Definition
Transformation(Absorb DNA)
Conjugation (Direct exchange oF DNA)
Transduction(Viral transfer of DNA) |
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Term
| In each of the three main process genetic material is transferred , what do they share in common? |
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Definition
the transfer is unidirectional
no complete diploid stage is formed
Only genes included in the circular chromosome will be inherited stably |
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Term
E.Coli is about how many um long and wide in its diameter..
a. 1-3, diamter 0.7
b.3-4 um, and 0.5 diameter
c.1-2 , 0.7 diameter
d. none of the above |
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Definition
| d. none of the above E.Coli is 1 to 3 micrometers in length and 0.5 wide |
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Term
| The colonies which E.Coli creates contain clone of cells are they gentically identical to the parental cell that initiated the colony? |
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Definition
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Term
Define nucleoid
t/f: nucleoid does not contain a nuclear membrane
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Definition
| Singular circular DNA chromosome in the central reagion of the cytoplasm |
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Term
| Difference of minimal media and complete medium |
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Definition
minimal medium: contains the simplest set of ingridients needed to for the bacteria to synthesize all the molecules for growth and reproduction
Complete medium: supplies all the building blocks and vitamins needed to synthesize macromolecules required for growth and reproduction |
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Term
| bacterial strains that are unable to prodce essential nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| are wild type strains that can synthesize all essential nutrients |
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Definition
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Term
| will trp ade thi+ grown on menimal medium? Explain your answer expalin why |
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Definition
| it will not grow because it has mutations for tryptophan and adenine biosynthesis |
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Term
| If no + is pesent on the gene what does that mean |
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Definition
| the gene is a mutuant and the culture medium most supplemented with that nutrient |
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Term
| t/f: In genetic analysis with bacteria crosses are made between strain differing in genotype . Results are not significant thus they are not analyzed for parenttal and recombinant phenotypes. |
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Definition
| False: In genetic analysis with bacterial crosses are made with strains differing in gentotype. Progeny are analyzed for paternal and recombinant phenotypes |
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Term
| When is it that strains are tested for the growth of colonies in different growth enviroments |
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Definition
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Term
| A process in which there is unidirectional tranfer of genetic information through direct cellular contact between a donor bacterial cell and recipient cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| The contact after cojugation of the cells, is followed by what? |
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Definition
| the formation of physical bridge joining the cells called a sex pilus |
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Term
| The recipient that is receiving the DNA into their chromosome are called |
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Definition
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Term
| tHE U TUBE EXPERIMENT SHOWED WHAT? |
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Definition
| PHYSICAL CONTACT BETWEEN THE TWO BACTERIAL STRAINS OF THE LEDERBERG AND TATUM EXPERIMENT WAS NEEDED FOR GENETIC EXCHANGE TO OCCUR |
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Term
| Physical Contact had to occur before what |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell possesses (F+) ? |
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Definition
| the donor it is called the F factor |
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Term
| The F factor found in E.Coli is a what? |
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Definition
| Plasmid that is a self replicated circular DNA distinct from the main bacterial chromosome. |
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Term
T /F: The F factor is 1-40th the size of bacterial chromosome
Define the point which the plasmid contains that is the point where DNA transfer to the recipient begins |
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Definition
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Term
| Via what is DNA transfered to the recipient |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f:The sex pillii permits physical union of the same mating type |
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Definition
| False, no conjugation can occur between individuals of the same mating type |
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Term
| in a f+ F- cross , none of the bacterial chromsome is transferred only the F factor is that true or false?If false why ? |
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Definition
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Term
1. Plasmids such as F factors that are also capable of integreating into the bacterial chromosome are called..?
2. When integrated ,are their genes still active?
3. how does it replicated when integrated since it is a plasmid? |
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Definition
1. episomes
2.yes
3. it is actually replicated as part of the host cell it no longer replicated independenly |
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Term
| F factors containing bacterial genes are called... |
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Definition
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Term
In the excision of F + cell from Hfr how does it occur:
a. spontaneously and at high frequency
b. spont and at low frequency |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the f factor move out from HFR |
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Definition
| BY SPONTANEOUS MANNER AND BY LOOPING OUT OF HFR BY A SINGLE CROSS OVER EVENT |
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Term
| INTERRUPTING MATING WAS USED TO ANALYZE WHAT |
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Definition
| IT BROKE COJUGATIONS PAIRS THAT ALLOWED THE ANALYZATION OF TRANSCONJUGANTS FOR WHICH DONOR GENES THEY HAVE RECEIVED |
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Term
| HOW MANY F FACTORS ARE INTEGRATED INTO EACH HFR STRAIN |
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Definition
| ONLY ONE IN DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS AND DIFFERENT LOCATIONS |
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Term
| E. coli linkage is linear or circular? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
The genetic distance in time units between a particular pair of gens is constant no matter which Hfr is used as a donor |
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Definition
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Term
| Hfrs' differ with respect to what two things |
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Definition
| where the transfer begins and what order donor genes transfer |
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Term
| is the transfer of genetic material between organisms by means of extracellular pieces of DNA |
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Definition
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Term
Heteroduplex DNA is :
A) a region of DNA with the same sequence information on the two strands
B) a region of DNA with the different sequence informaion on the two strands |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT CAN BE DETERMINED THROUGH CO TRANSFORMATION |
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Definition
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Term
1. Is the amount of DNA that a phage can carry limited
2.What is the genetic material phages contain in a coat of proteinof
3. What gives gives phages their characteristics apperances |
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Definition
1. Yes, amount is usually less than 1%
2. DNA or RNA
3.Variation in the number and organization of the proteins |
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Term
Phages infect what?
Progeny phages are released from what? |
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Definition
bacetrium
infected bacterium |
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Term
| Process that bacteriophages function as intermediates in the transfer of bacterial information from one bacterium to another |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs on the lysogenic cycle? |
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Definition
| DNA INTERGRATES INTO HOST CELL |
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Term
integrated state the phage is called?
lamda is a temperate phage what doe that mean?
repressor proteins maintain what? |
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Definition
prophage
that it has the choice of taking the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle
maintaing lysogenic state by preventing expression of gene needed for lytic stage |
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Term
| In Generlalized transduction what was the discovery |
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Definition
| since they mixed autotrophs and still got prototrophs even with no contact the conclusion was that P22 Temprate phage was responsible |
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Term
IN GENERAL TRANSDUCTION EXPERIMENT:
1.DONOR CELL TYPE AND RECIPIENT CELL TYPE HAVE DIFFERENT WHAT?
2. WHERE DO TRANSDUCTANTS GROW? DOES THE MEDIA CONTAIN THREONINE? |
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Definition
1.GENETIC MARKERS
2. MINIMIAL MEDIA, NO |
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Term
PHAGES THAT HAVE PACKED A PORTION OF THE BACTERIAL GNEOME
MECHANISM IS DONE BY WHAT TYPE OF CROSS OVER SINGLE TRIPLE OR DOUBLE? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F:Genrealized Transuction uses cotransduction which is rare |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F:IN GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION GENE DISTANCE IS DETERMINED ONLY IF GENES ARE CLOSE ENOUGH FOR COTRANSDUCTION |
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Definition
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Term
Specialized Transduction :
1. where does lambda insert itself
2.why is the lambda d gal phage chromosome not able to replicate
3. WHAT ARE THE MAP UNITS FOR SPECIALIZED TRANSDUCTION |
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Definition
at a site called att lambda that is between the gal region and bio regions
2. because not all genes are present
3.RF |
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Term
1. ITERGENIC MAPING
2. INTRAGENIC MAPPING
A. distance between genes
B. distance between mutational sites within the same gene |
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Definition
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Term
WHERE DOES rII mutuants grow?
a.T4
b.K12
c.T12
d.K4 |
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Definition
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Term
What is the only recombinant phage that can grow in E.Coli K12
a. r2
b.r-
c.r+ |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the unitu of mutatition and the unit of recombination |
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Definition
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Term
Deletion Mapping:
1. what kind of mutations wre most rII?
2.MAP DELETIONS USED TO DIVIDE THErII INTO HOW MANY SEGMENTS?
3. TAKE AN UNKNOWN POINT MUT AND CROSS IT WITH ONE OF HOW MANY DELETION MUTUANTS? |
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Definition
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