Term
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Definition
early 1900s
worked with inborn errors in metabolism
diseases caused by lack of ensymes
first stated enzymes are inhertited |
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Term
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Definition
1940s
worked with neurospora
-produced mutations in different genes
-each mutation caused loss of funcion of an enzyme
*one gene-one enzyme |
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Term
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Definition
good example of (one gene one enzyme)
Only one difference out of 146 amino acids |
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Term
| DNA, Polypeptides, & proteins |
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Definition
sequences of bases code for a sequence of amino acids
-chains of amino acids are polpeptides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen bonding between NH2 of one aa and COOH of another |
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Term
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Definition
| interactions between R groups |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*converting the genetic code to polypeptides
need: message mRNA
need: translocator molecule tRNA
need: site Ribosome = rRNA + protein |
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Term
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Definition
Transcribed from DNA
Binds to other nucleic Acids
Binds to amino Acids |
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Term
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Definition
Attaching amino acid to 3' end
requires specific enzyme
requires energy |
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Term
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Definition
non overlapping
- one base belongs to one codon only
-every three bases reads as one codon
No Punctuation
- no bases skipped
Special Start and Stop Codons
- AUG= start signal
-UGA, UAA, UAG = stop signals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Making a working copy of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Differences between DNA & RNA |
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Definition
ribose instead of Deoxyribose
uracil replaces thymine
single stranded molecule instead of double stranded |
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Term
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Definition
mRNA- carries genetic message to be translated into polypeptide
tRNA- translocator molecule
rRNA- structural component of ribosomes
HnRNA- heteregenous nuclear DNA |
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Term
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Definition
Information we want
- coding strand
-gene |
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Term
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Definition
what we use to get it
-nonsense strand
- non coding strand |
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Term
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Definition
5'---------------------------------------3'
promoter/coding sequence/terminator
*promoters signal the start of the gene
-consenses sequence: tend to be the same lots of A=T pair
*prokaryotic promoters: 10 bases to 35 bases upstream
-10 box and 35 box
*eukaryotic promoters:
-tata box
-Caat box |
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Term
| Three types of RNA polymerase in Eukaryotes |
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Definition
RNA polymerase 1
-transcribes rRNA
RNA polymerase 2
-mRNA
RNA polymerase 3 |
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Term
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Definition
Initation
-binding of RNA polymerase
Elongation
-Polymerase of RNA |
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Term
| Rho Independent termination |
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Definition
-inverted repeated
-series of uracils |
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Term
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Definition
inverted repeat
Rho factor (protein) |
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Term
| Post Transcriptional Modification |
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Definition
-Addition of Methyl-Guanine cap to 5' end
-Addition of PolyA tail to 3' end
-Excision of Introns
5' MG-----------------AAAAAAAAA 3' |
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Term
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Definition
-Expressed Sequences
-Coding portion |
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Term
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Definition
-Intravening Sequences
-Do not carry information for Polypeptide
*Exercised introns become HnRNA |
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