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| A nucleic acid sequence (usually DNA) that encodes a functional polypeptide or RNA sequence. |
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| Alternate forms of genes coding for the same trait and situated at the same locus in homologous chromosomes. |
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| A replicated chromosome joined to its sister chromatid by the centromere; spearates and becomes daughter chromosome at anaphase of mitosis or anaphase 2nd meiotic division. |
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| The nucleoprotein material of a chromosome; the heredity material containing DNA. |
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| A complex body that becomes visible following condensation of nuclear material during mitosis and carries a part of the organisms genetic information as genes composed of DNA associated with protiens. |
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| The genetic material of all organisms, characteristically organized into linear sequences of genes. |
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| Functions in gene expression and protein synthesis in all living forms and is hypothsized to have neem the basis of early precellular life. |
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| the process in which the genetic information present in messenger RNA is used to direct the order of specific amino acids during protein synthesis. |
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| Formation of messenger RNA from the coded DNA. |
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| The making of a copy of DNA through the help of an RNA strand. |
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| 2n --> n. Forms mature egg or sperm cells in animals. 1 cell splits into four daughter cells. Generates variety |
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| Cellular divisoin that creates exact carbon copies. 1 cell becomes 2 cells, they are clones. |
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| A mature haploid sex cell. an egg or sperm cell. |
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| (gamete) A haploid cell (egg or sperm) whose fertilization by the opposite kind produces a zygote. |
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| Posses two sets of chromosomes. All somatic cells are this. |
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| Posses only one set of chromosomes. Gametes or germ cell are this. |
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| An allele tht is expressed regardless of the nature of the corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome. |
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| An allele that must be homozygous to influence a phenotype. |
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| An organism having identicle alleles. WW ww |
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| An organism in which homolougous chromosomes contain different allelic forms. Ww |
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| The genetic consitution of the allele or gene. aka the letters that we write Bbll |
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| The visible or expressed characteristics of an organism, influenced by the genotype. |
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| in the formation of gametes paired factors that may specify alternative phenotypes seperate so tht each gamete recieves only one member pair. |
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| LAw of independant assortment |
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genes located on different paris of homologous chromosomes assort independantyl during meiosis.
3/4 black hair 1/4 long hair = 3/16 will have long black hair
Genes on chromosomes DO NOT interact with eachother |
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| genes that are on the same chromosome and travel together |
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when genes that are linked cross or disconnect and reconnect to a different spot. creating more variety
genes close together have a low robabilty of being split apart. |
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| Intermediate Inhereitance |
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| alo known as incomplete dominance. its when genes mix instead of picking one of the other. example roan horse instead of red or white. |
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| When one phenotype (ex hair color) depends on two genes. (ex mice albinoism) G - gray g - black A - color a - white. So if there is ever aa it is albino. |
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| if the mother is a carrier for somthing on the x chromosome the male child will most likly get it where the female child most likly would not because the male only has one x chromosome where the female has 2. |
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| All chromosomes except for the x and y chromosome |
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| The y chromosome is only half of the lenght of the x chromosome so there is only one gene if it is present on the chopped off part of the y chromosome. |
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| The gender which has two different sex chromosomes. in humans and most mammals it is the male, in birds it is the female. |
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| Inactive x chomosome in females. |
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| In case of females...one X chromosome dominates over the other and that means only a single X chromosome can express itself in each cell.The other inactivated X chromosome is seen as a Barr Body in female cell nuclei. |
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