Term
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Definition
A form of nondisjunction that creates an integer difference between the diploid number of chromosomes and the genome.
Patau's (13), Edwards (18), and Down's (21) |
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Term
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Definition
Trisomy 13-autosomal aneuploidy
disruption of development of CNS
failure of craniofacial fissure to close
mortality 96%-100% |
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Term
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Definition
Trisomy 18-autosomal aneuploidy
less severe in abnormal formation
characteristic low set ears/small head |
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Term
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Definition
Trisomy 21-autosomal aneuploidy
stocky, thick neck
possible CNS, but varied in severity of expression
higher frequency of nondisjuction due to aged synaptonemal complex in eggs |
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Term
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Definition
An uneven number of chromosomes in the sex chromosomes
Turner's-1 X
Kleinfelter's-XXY
TriploX
XYY |
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Term
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Definition
only 1 X chromosome due to nullisomic gamete
short/ stocky and sterile
ovarian tissue formation is disrupted
abnormal secondary female characteristics due to hormonal imbalance
Only autosomal disorder with 45 |
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Term
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Definition
XXY from disomic gamete
testicular failure and hormonal imbalance
secondary female characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
XXX
little consequence with slight CNS problems
gametes will not be balanced, half are XX, other half are normal |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to TriploX
larger body and slower
gametes give either XYY or Klinefelter |
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Term
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Definition
self doubling of chromosomes
increased size of body (plant mostly)
sterile
Meiotic malassortment caused by spindle disruption (cold) |
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Term
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Definition
multiplying of chromosomal number derived from another species
temporal isolation (cold or time) can be interrupted and species with similar chromosomal # can fertilize |
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Term
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Definition
types of mutation
telomeric, interstitial
inversion
translocation |
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Term
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Definition
acentric fragment is formed from breakage
fragment is destroyed
deletion |
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Term
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Definition
2 breaks and erroneous repair leaving acentric fragment
destroyed-deletion |
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Term
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Definition
2 breaks and inverted repair
gene expressed differently
XO supression because during synapsis, inversion loop prevents recombinants from surviving |
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Term
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Definition
| inversions that do not involve the centromere, no shape change |
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Term
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Definition
| inversion that involves centromere, shape change |
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Term
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Definition
2 breaks on non homologous chromosomes
guaranteed loss of fertility from meiosis
Segregation of homologous chromosomes leads to balanced/unbalanced gametes
adjacent-unbalnced
alternate-balanced
robertsonian |
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Term
| Adjacent Segregation (translocation) |
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Definition
| the homologous chromosomes during alignment produce unbalanced gametes where there are missing genes |
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Term
| Alternate Segregation (translocation) |
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Definition
| after translocation, homologous chromosomes line up and form proper gametes |
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Term
| Robertsonian Translocation |
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Definition
Reduces diploid #
the arms of chromosomes break and reform, large with large, small with small
forms one large chromosome and two small (usually junk) fragments |
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Term
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Definition
large population size
short generation time
functional haploid |
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Term
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Definition
| process where bacteria takes in genetic material from environment 2-7 kb |
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Term
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Definition
virally mediated transfer of genes
intemperate and temperate |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteriophage carries out lytic cycle and kills cell (no benefit) |
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Term
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Definition
has option of lytic or lysogenic cycle
mistake cuts out the viral proponent that starts lysis
induction is the process |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA from a bacteriophage that acts in transduction |
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Term
| nearest neighbor analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Previous hypothesis about genes |
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Definition
might be complex
should be stable
mutability-variation |
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Term
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Definition
Pneumonia strain IIR and IIIS
Mixed Dead IIIS with IIR and got live IIIS. proved transformation |
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Term
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Definition
added protease, RNAase, and DNAse to extracts of IIIS
the solution that had DNase was the only one that contained the IIR only. The protease and RNase had both IIR and IIIS |
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Term
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Definition
radiolabeling for tracing using sulfur and phosphorous
S for Protein, P for DNA. |
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