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| The most common phenotype or allele that exists in nature, usually considered the normal form |
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| Pairing of homologous chromosomes to form a "tetrad" during meiosis I. |
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| The entire complement of genetic material (DNA) in a single set of chromosomes. |
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| Process by which an RNA molecule is made from a DNA template during gene expression. |
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Definition
| The observable (physical and behavioral) properties of an organism. |
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| In a diploid cell, two successive divisions of the nucleus that result in the reduction of chromosome number from 2n to 1n. |
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Definition
| Process by which DNA is duplicated, allowing for inheritance of genetic information. |
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| In a heterozygote (Aa), half of the products of meiosis will carry one allele (A) and the other half will carry the other allele (a) |
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Definition
| One of the coolest people you know. |
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Definition
| Alternative forms of the same gene. |
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| Refers to a phenotype or allele that is expressed in a heterozygote. |
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Definition
| The "twisted ladder" conformation of DNA |
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Definition
| The substance of chromosomes, consisting of DNA and associated proteins. |
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Definition
| A discrete complex of DNA and protein on which genetic information is carried. |
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Definition
| The fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, composed of a segment of DNA on a chromosome encoding a functional product. |
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Definition
| Process by which information in an mRNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide. |
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Definition
| The material in cells that stores genetic information as a sequence of nucleotide base pairs. |
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| Carrying one copy each of two different alleles. |
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Definition
| Division of a nucleus in which the daughter nuclei are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell. |
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Definition
| Tranfer by a phage of bacterial genes from one cell to another. |
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Definition
| The tendency of alleles of different genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together. |
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Definition
| Situation in which a crossover in one region of a chromosome affects the likelihood of a crossover in an adjacent region. |
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Definition
| A family tree that uses standard genetic symbols to show the pattern of inheritance of a trait in a family. |
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Definition
| An autonomously replicating extrachromosomal DNA molecule, usually circular. |
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Definition
| Conversion of a cell from one phenotype to another by the uptake of DNA from the environment. |
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Definition
| A cross to determine whether two different recessive mutations occur in the same gene or in different genes. |
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Definition
| A mutant that requires a supplement for growth because it is unable to synthesize one or more needed compounds from simple inorganic compounds. |
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Definition
| Breakage and reciprocal exchange between nonsister chromatids on homologous chromosomes, leading to recombination between genes on the same chromosome. |
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Definition
| The percentage of individuals of a given genotype that actually express the associated phenotype. |
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Definition
| Physical union of bacterial cells during which a donor cell transfers DNA segments to a recipient. |
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Definition
| Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes. |
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Term
| Semiconservative Replication |
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Definition
| Model of replication in which each daughter DNA molecule includes an intact old strand along with a newly synthesized strand. |
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Definition
| At meiosis, the process that generates haploid products of meiosis with genotypes different from each of the two haploid genotypes that first constituted the meiotic diploid. |
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Definition
| Joining of two nucleic acid strands that are anitparallel and complementary. |
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Term
| Complementary Base pairing |
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Definition
| Formation of hydrogen bonds between A and T and between G and C on opposite strands of DNA molecules. |
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Definition
| Integration of a phage genome into a host bacterial chromosome. |
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Definition
| Stimulation of gene expression by inactivation of a repressor by a small molecule. |
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Definition
| The ability to create different mRNA molecules encoding different polypeptides by combining different sets of exons from a single kind of pre-mRNA. |
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Definition
| The ability of cells to adjust levels of gene expression in response to developmental cues and changes in the environment. |
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Definition
| In prokaryotes, a set of adjacent genes that are transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA and that are coordinately regulated. |
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Definition
| Process by which DNA is duplicated, allowing for inheritance of genetic informatoin. |
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Definition
| Long chaing of amino acids |
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Definition
| The tip or end of a linear chromosome, consisting of repeated copies of a simple noncoding sequence. |
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Definition
| A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that specifies incorporation of a particular amino acid into a growing polypeptide. |
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Definition
| Short, unconnected stretches of newly replicated DNA on the laggind strand. |
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Definition
| The basic unit of chromatin, consisting of a length of DNA wrapped around a core of histone protiens. |
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Definition
| A diffusible protien that binds to a specific DNA sequence on a gene resulting in a change in gene expression. |
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Definition
| In eukaryotes, a regulatory DNA sequence that can increase transcription from a promoter by binding to an activator protien. |
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Definition
| The set of rules by which the nucleotide sequence in an mRNA is translated into an amino acid sequence in a polypeptide. |
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Definition
| Describes inheritance of a quantitative trait that is controlled by two or more genes. |
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Definition
| Describes inheritance of a quantitative trait that is controlled by two or more genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| First proposed the chromosome theory based on similar behavior of genes and chromosomes. |
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Definition
| Discovered basic rules of inheritance including equal segregation of alleles and independent assortment of genes. |
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