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Geology 111 Zumwalt test 2
Test 2
167
Geology
Undergraduate 1
01/18/2012

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Term
Moh
Definition
Fellow that put together the hardness scale
Term
Archimedes
Definition
fellow who figured out that a body in water is buoyed up by a force equal to the volume of water displaced
Term
knife
Definition
man made object with a hardness of 5.5
Term
gravitational differentiation
Definition
heavies sink down, light float up
Term
malleability
Definition
ability to deform without breaking
Term
eight
Definition
number of elements to make up 98% of earth's crust
Term
three
Definition
number of elements to make up 75% of earth's crust
Term
silicon
Definition
second most common element in earth's crust
Term
oxides
Definition
class which contains corundum
Term
specific gravity
Definition
number of times a sample is as heavy as an equal volume of water
Term
phosphates
Definition
class of minerals which include human bone
Term
hardness
Definition
ability to withstand scratching
Term
mineral
Definition
natural solid with known structure and composition
Term
mineraloid
Definition
classification of mercury
Term
silicates
Definition
the most common class of minerals
Term
effervescence
Definition
bubbling in response to dilute acid
Term
flourite
Definition
number four on the hardness scale
Term
taste
Definition
easiest way to differentiate halite
Term
carbonates
Definition
class which makes up most animal skeletons
Term
color
Definition
the least dependable visual characteristic
Term
sulfates
Definition
class of minerals characterized by sulfur and oxygen
Term
sulfides
Definition
the class to which pyrite belongs
Term
luster
Definition
the way light bounces off a mineral
Term
evaporates
Definition
class of minerals formed by evaporating water
Term
apatite
Definition
mineral which makes up human bones
Term
crystal
Definition
three dimensional expression of a mineral
Term
oxygen
Definition
most common element in earth's crust
Term
glass
Definition
man made object with a hardness of 6
Term
streak
Definition
trail of mineral left on porcelain plate
Term
strato
Definition
cone composite of medium silica lava
Term
columbia river
Definition
best example of flood basalt
Term
fissure
Definition
long crack vent which results in flood basalts
Term
pillow basalts
Definition
eruptions under water
Term
cinder
Definition
sand sized pyroclastics
Term
krakatoa
Definition
largest volcanic eruption
Term
water
Definition
cause of volcanic eruptions
Term
ash
Definition
fine grained pyroclastics
Term
soil
Definition
positive result of volcanic eruptions used by farmers
Term
intrusion
Definition
placement of magma into overlying rocks
Term
diamond
Definition
precious mineral formed in volcanic pipes
Term
crater of the moon
Definition
site Idaho with good examples of volcanic features
Term
splatter
Definition
type of high silica volcano
Term
santorini
Definition
volcano which collapsed to form a caldera
Term
pluton
Definition
collective term for all landforms cooled beneath surface
Term
extrusive
Definition
rocks or landforms formed on surface
Term
volcanic
Definition
poor synonym for extrusive
Term
Nuee Ardente
Definition
pyroclastic cloud with poisonous, explosive
Term
lappilli
Definition
gravel sized pyroclastics
Term
lahar
Definition
violent mud slides caused by volcanic eruption
Term
crater
Definition
hole at top of volcano
Term
blocks
Definition
large cold pyroclastics
Term
tsunamis
Definition
large open wave caused by volcanic eruptions
Term
columnar basalt
Definition
shrinkage forms in basalt
Term
vesuvius
Definition
volcano that erupted to envelope Pompeii
Term
bombs
Definition
large hot pyroclastic ejections
Term
atlantis
Definition
myth accredited to the collapse of santorini
Term
obsidian
Definition
volcanic glass
Term
shield
Definition
volcano that results from low silica
Term
igneous
Definition
all rock formed by cooling magma
Term
lava tunnel
Definition
results from lava flowing out from under a cooled solid layer
Term
magma chamber
Definition
hole underground where magma accumulates
Term
flood basalt
Definition
low silica basalt from long crack
Term
viscosity
Definition
changed by silicon content
Term
pyroclastic
Definition
materials thrown into the sky by eruption
Term
caldera
Definition
large holed caused by collapse of a volcano into magma chamber
Term
throat
Definition
passage from magma chamber to vent
Term
vent
Definition
hole through which magma pours out on surface
Term
rhyolite
Definition
fine grained rock with quartz
Term
aphanitic
Definition
fine grained
Term
orthoclase
Definition
common felsic mineral
Term
mafic
Definition
low silica, dark minerals
Term
quartz
Definition
last mineral to form as magma cools
Term
calcium plagioclase
Definition
first mineral to form as magma cools
Term
differential crystalization
Definition
results in loss of elements from magma
Term
shield
Definition
most common volcano formed by basalt
Term
Bowen's Reaction
Definition
sequence which lists the order minerals form as magma cools
Term
diorite
Definition
plagioclase rich coarse grained rock
Term
phaneritic
Definition
coarse grained
Term
peridotite
Definition
rock which makes up lithospheric plates
Term
scoriaceous
Definition
many holes in extrusive rocks
Term
batholith
Definition
largest pluton
Term
vesicular
Definition
holes in extrusive rock
Term
strato
Definition
volcanoes in oregon
Term
dike
Definition
tabular body which cuts through previous rocks
Term
ring dike
Definition
dike which goes around throat
Term
gabbro
Definition
olivine, pyroxenes and amphibole coarse grained
Term
xenolith
Definition
piece of country rock surrounded by phaneritic rock
Term
radiating dike
Definition
dike which extends away from throat
Term
felsic
Definition
composition with high silica with light minerals
Term
insipient ridges
Definition
spreading ridge beneath continent
Term
granitization
Definition
formation of igneous rocks away from magma
Term
plume
Definition
cause of yellowstone intrusions and extrusions
Term
pluton
Definition
collective term for all intrusive landforms
Term
subduction zone
Definition
site of most intrusions
Term
assimilation
Definition
taking minerals from country rocks into magma
Term
andesite
Definition
plagioclase, fine grained igneous rock
Term
komatite
Definition
extrusive with highest olivine content
Term
cinder
Definition
most common volcano formed by rhyolite
Term
pumice
Definition
lighter than water
Term
laccollith
Definition
small pluton with concave surface
Term
syntexis
Definition
alteration of magma
Term
intrusive
Definition
cools below the surface
Term
obsidian
Definition
volcanic glass
Term
sill
Definition
horizontal pluton
Term
stock
Definition
cooled throat of volcano
Term
basalt
Definition
olivine rich extrusive rock
Term
olivine
Definition
first ferromagnesian mineral to form as magma cools
Term
granite
Definition
quartz rich phaneritic rock
Term
Oxygen
Definition
most common element in the earth's crust
Term
Silicon
Definition
second most common element in the earth's crust
Term
Aluminum
Definition
third most common element in the earth's crust
Term
Oxygen, silicon, aluminum
Definition
Which three elements make up over 75% of the crust
Term
Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, sodium, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium
Definition
Which eight elements make up over 95% of the crust
Term
hexagonal porcelain plate
Definition
what do they use to get around impurities and scratch the mineral across?
Term
vitreous
Definition
luster of a handful of glass
Term
Talc
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #1
Term
gypsum
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #2
Term
Calcite
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #3
Term
Flourite
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #4
Term
Apatite
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #5
Term
Orthoclase
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #6
Term
Quartz
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #7
Term
Topaz
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #8
Term
Corundum
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #9
Term
Diamond
Definition
Moh's hardness scale #10
Term
fingernails
Definition
Moh's hardness of about 2.5
Term
Average knife
Definition
Moh's hardness of about 5.5
Term
Glass
Definition
Moh's hardness of 6
Term
Wair/(Wair-Wwater)
Definition
formula for specific gravity
Term
specific gravity
Definition
weight of the water displaced
Term
2.65
Definition
specific gravity of quartz
Term
round up the specific gravity
Definition
If you have a lighter material in a heavier one, you would...
Term
round down the specific gravity
Definition
If you have a heavier material in a lighter one, you would
Term
pyrite
Definition
If the mineral is metallic, you compare it to...
Term
Quartz
Definition
If the mineral is nonmetallic, you compare it to...
Term
7.4
Definition
Pyrite has a specific gravity of...
Term
Silicates
Definition
SiO
Term
Oxides
Definition
O2
Term
Phosphates
Definition
PO4
Term
Carbonates
Definition
CO3
Term
Sulfides
Definition
S
Term
Sulfates
Definition
SO4
Term
Evaporates
Definition
Garbage class
Term
Silicates
Definition
The most common class of minerals
Term
lode
Definition
concentration of minerals
Term
Caldera
Definition
what caused Crater Lake?
Term
Shield
Definition
low profile volcano that doesn't stack up against the vent
Term
Sill
Definition
the only concordant pluton
Term
Calcium Plagioclase
Definition
first mineral to be formed in the Bowen's Reaction Series
Term
Olivase
Definition
first ferromagnesium mineral to be formed in the Bowen's Reaction Series
Term
Orthoclase
Definition
The last feldspar to be formed in the Bowen's Reaction Series
Term
granite (bottom)
Definition
On the igneous rock chart, Rhyolite (top) corresponds to...
Term
Andesite (top)
Definition
On the igneous rock chart, Diorite (bottom) corresponds to...
Term
Basalt (top)
Definition
On the igneous rock chart, Gabbro (bottom) corresponds to...
Term
Periodtite (bottom)
Definition
On the igneous rock chart, Komatite (top) corresponds to...
Term
Iceland
Definition
On the Igneous rock chart, Mid Oceanic Ridge example
Term
Hawaii
Definition
On the Igneous rock chart, shield example
Term
Mt. St. Helens
Definition
On the Igneous rock chart, strato example
Term
Yellowstone
Definition
On the Igneous rock chart, cinder example
Term
Komatite or Peridotite
Definition
Texture of Iceland
Term
Basalt or Gabbro
Definition
Texture of Hawaii
Term
Andesite or Diorite
Definition
Texture of Mt. St. Helens
Term
Rhyolite or Granite
Definition
Texture of Yellowstone
Term
Rhyolite or granite
Definition
the only texture to have quartz IRC
Term
Komatite or Peridotite
Definition
the texture made up completely of olivine
Term
Basalt or Gabbro
Definition
the texture that is mostly pyroxene and olivine
Term
Andesite or Diorite
Definition
Texture that is mostly amphibole and plagioclase
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