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GERD and ulcer Pharmacology exam 2
gerd, ttuhsc
18
Anatomy
Graduate
10/08/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

2 classes of agents that inhibits acid secretion. Give example.

 

Definition

1. Atropine - anti-muscarinic (M1/M3) receptor --> reduces acetylcholine which stimulates gastrin production.

 

2. Histamine blockers - blocks binding to H2 receptors --> parietal cells can still respond to signals from acetylcholine

 

 

Term
6 classes of agents used to treat ulcers.
Definition

 

oAntacids are substances which neutralize gastric (hydrochloric) acid

oMucosal protectants coat the mucosa and may have an inhibitory effect on H. pylori

oHistaminic antagonists (H2 blockers) block basal and stimulated release of gastric acid

oK+/H+-ATPase inhibitors (proton pump inhibitors) block parietal HCl production

oProstaglandin analogs are used to prevent NSAID-induced GI damage
Antibiotics are used to eliminate H. pylori (recurrent ulcers)

Term
Give 2 types of antacids that you must avoid and why.
Definition

1. Sodium bicarbonate antacids - can cause hypernatremia, systemic alkalosis, belching and feedback stimulation of gastric acid secretion due to CO2 formation.

 

2. Calcium salt antacid - can cause calcium-induced feedback stimulation of gastric acid secretion.

Term
H+/K+-ATPase is activated by _____
Definition
cAMP + Ca2+
Term
Optimal antacids
Definition

The optimal antacid therefore is a mixture of magnesium and aluminum oxides or silicates.


 

—They will neutralize HCl, form a gel-like structure which
absorbs pepsin, and will not interfere with GI motility.

 

Term
Which type of antacid causes constipation?
Definition
aluminum salts
Term
4 examples of aluminum + magnesium hydroxides
Definition

 

—Riopan

—Gelusil

—Kudrox

—Maalox liquid

 

Term
3 Antacids with high calcium carbonate content
Definition

Maalox

Rolaids

Tums-ex

Term
____ and ____ are the major prostaglandins synthesized by the gastric mucosa
Definition

Prostaglandin E2;


Prostacyclin I2



Term

 

____is a synthetic prostaglandin (an analogue of PGE1) which is solely used to prevent or counteract the inhibition of prostaglandin formation which is associated with the therapeutic use of NSAIDs.

 

Definition
Misoprostol (CytotecR)
Term
4 functions of misoprostol (PGE2)
Definition

 

  • increases gastric blood flow (vasodilation)
  •  increases mucus and bicarbonate secretion
  •  inhibits gastric acid production.

 

Term
Why should pregnant women not take misoprostol?
Definition
Abortive action - It causes contractions of the uterus
Term
What is use and ADR of misoprotol
Definition

 

 

is a synthetic prostaglandin (an analogue of PGE1) which is solely used to prevent or counteract the inhibition of prostaglandin formation which is associated with the therapeutic use of NSAIDs.


ADR:

ØIt induces painful abdominal cramps and diarrhea

 


 

 

Term
MOA of bismuth salts (mucosal protectant)
Definition

 

Bismuth salts (e.g., colloidal bismuth subcitrate) have

two main mechanisms of action:

a.) formation of mucosal protectant and

b.) inhibition of growth of H. pylori.

 

Term

 

—____, the oldest H2 blocker, is an inhibitor of
cytochrome P-450.

 

Definition
Cimetidine
Term
2 main ADR of cimetidine (Tagamet)
Definition

 

  • —It can induce gynecomastia(partly due to inhibition of estrogen metabolism).
  • —Cimetidine inhibits metabolism of several drugs which are metabolized by hepatic P-450s

 

Term

Among patients with decompensated cirrhosis, ___ increase rate of serious infection.

 

Definition
PPI
Term
What is the half-life of misoprostol? What is the ?
Definition

30 minutes;

 

duration = 3 hours

 

 

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